Orbital Angular Momentum Waves: Generation, Detection, and Emerging Applications

Chen, Rui; Zhou, Hong; Moretti, Marco; Wang, Xiaodong; Li, Jiandong

doi:10.1109/comst.2019.2952453

Cited by 250 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 196 publications

(378 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted a lot attention as a promising Beyond 5G (B5G) technique recently [20], [21]. Since the discovery in 1992 that light beams with helical phase fronts can carry OAM [22], a significant research effort has been focused on vortex EM waves as a novel approach for multiplexing a set of orthogonal OAM modes on the same frequency channel and achieving high SE [23]- [32]. However, there are still some technical challenges for practical application of OAM wireless communications.…”

Section: And Mmtcmentioning

confidence: 99%

OAM-Based Concentric Spatial Division Multiplexing for Cellular IoT Terminals

et al. 2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network that aims to connect massive devices for exchanging information with each other. There have been various IoT access techniques, such as RFID, Blue Tooth, WiFi, LoRa and cellular IoT, in which cellular IoT has advantages in wide coverage and the economical reuse of exsiting cellular infrastructure. However, cellular base station (BS) consumes most of the energy in wireless communication networks. Therefore, improving the energy efficiency (EE) of the BS is of great importance to make cellular IoT green. In this paper, we propose a novel orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based concentric spatial division multiplexing (CSDM) downlink transmission scheme for cellular IoT terminals. Specifically, the hybrid radio frequency (RF) and baseband CSDM scheme exploits analog OAM beamforming to generate concentric annular beams for covering cell-center, cell-mediate and cell-edge groups of users, and digital space-frequency vector perturbation (SFVP) precoding and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) to mitigate inter-and intra-group interferences. Mathematical analysis and numerical simulations validate that the IoT BS with the proposed CSDM-SFVP scheme has better bit error rate (BER) and EE performance than traditional massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) BS with full-baseband zero-forcing (FBZF) precoding in a IoT cell. INDEX TERMS Internet of things (IoT), orbital angular momentum (OAM), uniform circular array (UCA), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), concentric spatial division multiplexing (CSDM).

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Section: And Mmtcmentioning

confidence: 99%

OAM-Based Concentric Spatial Division Multiplexing for Cellular IoT Terminals

et al. 2020

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“…In essence, all these techniques are based on planar electromagnetic (EM) waves physically. Since the discovery in 1992 that light beams with helical phase fronts can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) [2], a significant research effort has been focused on vortex EM waves as a novel approach for multiplexing a set of orthogonal OAM modes on the same frequency channel and achieving high SEs [3]- [9]. However, there are still some technical challenges for practical application of line-of-sight (LoS) OAM wireless communications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Mode OAM Radio Waves: Generation, Angle of Arrival Estimation and Reception With UCAs

Chen

Long

Wang

et al. 2020

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun.

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118

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Orbital angular momentum (OAM) at radio frequency (RF) provides a novel approach of multiplexing a set of orthogonal modes on the same frequency channel to achieve high spectrum efficiencies. However, there are still big challenges in the multi-mode OAM generation, OAM antenna alignment and OAM signal reception. To solve these problems, we propose an overall scheme of the line-of-sight multi-carrier and multi-mode OAM (LoS MCMM-OAM) communication based on uniform circular arrays (UCAs). First, we verify that UCA can generate multi-mode OAM radio beam with both the RF analog synthesis method and the baseband digital synthesis method. Then, for the considered UCA-based LoS MCMM-OAM communication system, a distance and AoA estimation method is proposed based on the two-dimensional ESPRIT (2-D ESPRIT) algorithm. A salient feature of the proposed LoS MCMM-OAM and LoS MCMM-OAM-MIMO systems is that the channel matrices are completely characterized by three parameters, namely, the azimuth angle, the elevation angle and the distance, independent of the numbers of subcarriers and antennas, which significantly reduces the burden by avoiding estimating large channel matrices, as traditional MIMO-OFDM systems. After that, we propose an OAM reception scheme including the beam steering with the estimated AoA and the amplitude detection with the estimated distance. At last, the proposed methods are extended to the LoS MCMM-OAM-MIMO system equipped with uniform concentric circular arrays (UCCAs). Both mathematical analysis and simulation results validate that the proposed OAM reception scheme can eliminate the effect of the misalignment error of a practical OAM channel and approaches the performance of an ideally aligned OAM channel. Index Terms-Orbital angular momentum (OAM), uniform circular array (UCA), angle of arrival (AoA) estimation, OAM detection, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO).

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“…One of fundamental problems for OAM is how to design OAM transmitter and there is a profound research foundation globally for OAM dedicated antenna design. OAM waves can be generated by spiral phase plates, spiral reflector, UCA array, meta-material, and so on [10]. The authors of [11] have developed many novel small-size and high-performance RF OAM antennas, including circular travelling wave antenna, substrate integrated waveguide antenna [12], dielectric resonator antenna [13], and proposed a new concept of twodimensional planar spiral OAM beam [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coaxial OAM: Precoding Design, Misaligned Parameter Estimation and Capacity Compensation

Jian

Chen

2021

IEEE Access

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Uniform Circular Antenna (UCA) is a convenient way to generate multiple Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) beams simultaneously, and OAM-MIMO is promised to be an augmentation to enhance capacity. In this paper, concentric UCA which is an elaborate arrangement of MIMO antennas is adopted. OAM-MIMO transceiver mode selection and precoding architectures are proposed to improve the coaxial capacity performance. Non-coaxial parameters and their effect on mathematical channel matrix are analyzed, and modified non-coaxial parameters are further introduced to simplify the channel expression. Using the central antenna to separate transmitting (TX) misalignment and receiving (RX) misalignment, modified non-coaxial parameters and deviation matrices can be obtained with reduced complexity, dealing with the lack of non-coaxial parameters in practice. Moreover, to make for the orthogonality between different OAM modes, pre-transmitting and pre-receiving matrices are designed employing estimated modified non-coaxial parameters or deviation matrices to transfer the non-coaxial channel into a block circulant one. The provided simulation results verify the superiority of the proposed mode-selection and precoding design as well as the effectiveness of the proposed non-coaxial pre-processing scheme.

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Orbital Angular Momentum Waves: Generation, Detection, and Emerging Applications

Cited by 250 publications

References 196 publications

OAM-Based Concentric Spatial Division Multiplexing for Cellular IoT Terminals

OAM-Based Concentric Spatial Division Multiplexing for Cellular IoT Terminals

Multi-Mode OAM Radio Waves: Generation, Angle of Arrival Estimation and Reception With UCAs

Non-Coaxial OAM: Precoding Design, Misaligned Parameter Estimation and Capacity Compensation

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