2014
DOI: 10.2528/pierm14060601
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Orbital Angular Momentum Density of a Hollow Vortex Gaussian Beam

Abstract: Abstract-Here the hollow vortex Gaussian beam is described by the exact solution of the Maxwell equations. By means of the method of the vectorial angular spectrum, analytical expressions of the electromagnetic fields of a hollow vortex Gaussian beam propagating in free space are derived. By using the electromagnetic fields of a hollow vortex Gaussian beam beyond the paraxial approximation, one can calculate the orbital angular momentum density distribution of a hollow vortex Gaussian beam in free space. The o… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…2 CAPH + S• → CAPSSCAP + 2H + (5) In this case mechanism (4) is the rate-determining step for CAPSH oxidation. The overall oxidation reaction mechanism is similar to other reports [8,23,[30][31][32], with one electron and one proton responsible in dimerization of captopril to form disulfide.…”
Section: Methods Optimizationsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…2 CAPH + S• → CAPSSCAP + 2H + (5) In this case mechanism (4) is the rate-determining step for CAPSH oxidation. The overall oxidation reaction mechanism is similar to other reports [8,23,[30][31][32], with one electron and one proton responsible in dimerization of captopril to form disulfide.…”
Section: Methods Optimizationsupporting
confidence: 85%
“…[24][25][26] Surface-induced dissociation (SID) has emerged as a powerful collision-based activation method for probing protein complex structures in the gas phase, yielding fragmentation that provides information complementary to that gained from the activation methods mentioned previously. 27 Rather than subjecting ions to multiple low-energy collisions with background gas, SID experiments direct ions into an inert, rigid surface to impart energy into the analyte in a single, high-energy step. SID generally results in a more symmetric partitioning of charge in the produced subcomplexes relative to CID 28 and UVPD.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[32][33][34] Until recently, work involving SID of protein complexes has largely been carried out on TOF platforms. 35,36 With growing utilization of native MS for structural characterization of protein complexes, it has become apparent that greater mass resolution is often desirable and allows for a deeper insight into a given biological system. For example, measurement of mass shifts resulting from post-translational modifications and/or the binding of small ligands or cofactors becomes possible at the protein complex level at sufficient resolution.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…12 The analytical instrumentation for detection of compounds in exhaled breath, EBC, and EBA has also improved to include GC-MS, LC-MS, Direct MS, and a variety of sensors, including electronic noses. 13,14,15,16 These detection methods have been utilized to advance research in human health and disease, including alcohol breath testing, 17,18 lung cancer, 19,20 asthma, 21,22 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), 22,23,24 as well as to identify biomarkers of health state in breath matrices. These topics are discussed in this review within the context of the history of breath research from 1995-2016.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%