Orbital Angular Momentum-based Space Division Multiplexing for High-capacity Underwater Optical Communications

Ren, Yongxiong; Li, Long; Wang, Zhe; Kamali, Seyedeh Mahsa; Arbabi, Ehsan; Arbabi, Amir; Zhao, Zhe; Xie, Guodong; Cao, Yinwen; Ahmed, Nisar; Yan, Yan; Liu, Cong; Willner, A.E.; Ashrafi, Solyman; Tur, Moshe; Faraon, Andrei

doi:10.1038/srep33306

Cited by 187 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…of the beam's profile [26,34]. The aberrations in the beam are often visible in the intensity of the beam; however, more precise information lies in the phase of the received beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an underwater channel for quantum communications in the Ottawa River

et al. 2019

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We examine the propagation of optical beams possessing different polarization states and spatial modes through the Ottawa River in Canada. A Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is used to record the distorted beam's wavefront. The turbulence in the underwater channel is analysed, and associated Zernike coefficients are obtained in real-time. Finally, we explore the feasibility of transmitting polarization states as well as spatial modes through the underwater channel for applications in quantum cryptography.

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“…of the beam's profile [26,34]. The aberrations in the beam are often visible in the intensity of the beam; however, more precise information lies in the phase of the received beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an underwater channel for quantum communications in the Ottawa River

et al. 2019

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“…Baghdady et al performed experimental demonstration of a 3 Gbit/s underwater communication link, using two 445 nm lasers, and successfully transmitted the signal over a distance of 2.94 m modulated on a simple on-off keying non-return to zero (OOK-NRZ) scheme [134]. In [135], Ren et al reported an aggregated data rate of 40 Gbit/s, using 4 green OAM modes over 1.2 m of turbulent tap water. Each of the four beams carried a 10 Gbit/s signal generated by doubling the frequency of the data signal, at 1064 nm (infrared light).…”

Section: Underwater Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Trichili

Park

Zghal

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

182

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Time, polarization, and wavelength multiplexing schemes have been used to satisfy the growing need of transmission capacity. Using space as a new dimension for communication systems has been recently suggested as a versatile technique to address future bandwidth issues. We review the potentials of harnessing the space as an additional degree of freedom for communication applications including free space optics, optical fiber installation, underwater wireless optical links, on-chip interconnects, data center indoor connections, radio frequency and acoustic communications. We focus on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes and equally identify the challenges related to each of the applications of spatial modes and the particular OAM modes in communication. We further discuss the perspectives of this emerging technology. Finally, we provide the open research directions and we discuss the practical deployment of OAM communication links for different applications. ). 4 in the future. We also summarize the open problems and the future research directions. A discussion of the practicability and cost of multi-OAM communication is also included. II. OAM POTENTIALS A. Free Space Optical CommunicationFSO is a license free wireless communication configuration that has recently received much interest for a variety of applications. FSO is an attractive solution for last mile connectivity problems, particularly for communication networks, when the installation of fiber optics is costly or not possible [66]. FSO can be also used to establish inter-building secure communication, and can be deployed as a backup to optical fibers. Wireless optical communication can guarantee a line-of-sight (LoS) high bit rate wireless transmission over long distances, up to several kilometers. Furthermore, FSO communication is considered as a promising technique to scale down bandwidth challenges in future 5G networks [67].Multiple wavelength FSO provides better transmission, as demonstrated in [68], [69]. Data can be mapped on advanced modulation formats to achieve high bit rates and high spectral efficiency levels [70]- [72]. Another option is multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) FSO communication in which multiple lasers are positioned to transmit Gaussian beams to multiple receiving apertures [73]. Over the last few years, it has been proven that it is possible to transmit information over spatially structured light beams [21], [74], [75] including OAM beams and plane waves. Our focus is on the OAM modes of light.The first PoC communication experiment incorporating OAMs in free space was carried out in 2004 by Gibson and co-workers [21]. Over a 15-meter long link, 8 -spaced values were chosen along the Gaussian beam as an alphabet for the communication. OAM beams were generated and detected using two light modulators. Since then, much progress has been made and free space transmission capacity of over 1 Tbit/s is, today, possible [76]- [78]. By performing three dimensional multiplexing, Huang and co-workers were able to attain a 100 Tbi...

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“…13,14 To assess the feasibility of such OAM multiplexing in an underwater communications channel it is important to analyse the degree of observed channel degradation induced by flowing water in real Oceanic conditions. In this paper we present a study of measured inter-channel crosstalk for a set of OAM modes propagating through 3m of slowly flowing water, similar to that found in Oceanic conditions.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Crosstalk Induced by Propagation Through Water

Viola

Valyrakis

Kelly

et al. 2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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The implementation of spatial multiplexing has become an area of great interest for free-space communication links, particularly for its use in last-mile links within larger optical networks. Light carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) has emerged as a potential candidate that could be utilised for multiplexing independent channels. We will present measured inter-channel crosstalk for a set of 11-OAM modes propagating through 3 m of slowly flowing water, similar to that found in oceanic flow conditions.

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Orbital Angular Momentum-based Space Division Multiplexing for High-capacity Underwater Optical Communications

Cited by 187 publications

References 55 publications

Characterization of an underwater channel for quantum communications in the Ottawa River

Characterization of an underwater channel for quantum communications in the Ottawa River

Communicating Using Spatial Mode Multiplexing: Potentials, Challenges, and Perspectives

Study of Orbital Angular Momentum Mode Crosstalk Induced by Propagation Through Water

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