Orange Peel Derived Activated Carbon for Fabrication of High‐Energy and High‐Rate Supercapacitors

Abstract

Owing to our inevitable energy necessity, alternate energy resources have to be implemented in our energy storage systems to enervate the energy demands. On the consideration of the above statement, activated high surface area three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous carbon derived from the orange peel bio‐waste has been studied for symmetric flexible and bendable solid state supercapacitor (SSC) with high energy density. The nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms revealed that the activated nano‐porous carbon exhibits a high specific surface area and average pore volume of 2160 m2/g and 0.779 cc/g with the uniform meso and microporous network. The fabricated symmetric cell using the activated porous carbon in aqueous electrolyte exhibits a high specific capacitance of 460 F/g at 1 A/g with an excellent electrochemical stability of 98% for 10000 cycles and virtuous rate performance at higher current densities. The fabricated aqueous symmetric device exhibits a high energy density and power density of 12 Wh/kg and 32.8 kW/kg, respectively. Similarly, the symmetric device in ionic liquid electrolyte shows a high cell voltage of 3 V and high energy and power density of 43 Wh/kg and 1185 W/kg, respectively. Also, fabricated all‐solid‐state flexible supercapacitor device exhibits a high energy and power density of 11.4 Wh/kg and 6.6 kW/kg, respectively. The flexible supercapacitor device was shown to light up a red light emitting diode (LED) for more than three minutes.

Synthesis of Boron‐Doped Graphene by Supercritical Fluid Processing and its Application in Symmetric Supercapacitors using Various Electrolytes

“…[49,50] To strengthen the energy density of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell, the capacitive behaviour of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell was examined using two different electrolytes such as 1 M TEABF 4 solution in acetonitrile (organic electrolyte) and EMIMBF 4 (ionic liquid electrolyte) using Swagelok type electrochemical cell. [49,50] To strengthen the energy density of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell, the capacitive behaviour of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell was examined using two different electrolytes such as 1 M TEABF 4 solution in acetonitrile (organic electrolyte) and EMIMBF 4 (ionic liquid electrolyte) using Swagelok type electrochemical cell.…”

“…In general energy density of carbon based materials can be improved by expanding the operating cell voltage via nonaqueous electrolyte. [49,50] To strengthen the energy density of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell, the capacitive behaviour of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell was examined using two different electrolytes such as 1 M TEABF 4 solution in acetonitrile (organic electrolyte) and EMIMBF 4 (ionic liquid electrolyte) using Swagelok type electrochemical cell. Figure 10a and c depicts the CV graphs of symmetric SBGO-(1 : 2) cell with scan rates varying from 10 to 50 mV/s in EMIMBF 4 and 1 M TEABF 4 solution in acetonitrile, respectively.…”

NiTe Nanorods as Electrode Material for High Performance Supercapacitor Applications

“…Subramani et al . have reported a meso and microporous orange peel carbon showing the high specific capacitance value of 460 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 with the three electrode system and aqueous 1 M H 2 SO 4 as electrolyte . Amutha et al .…”

“…Supercapacitor has a large specific capacitance associated with fast charge‐discharge characteristics, which is capable of delivering high power and exhibit a longer life cycle compared to batteries. It is mainly used in mobile phone, computer, digital camera and solar cell because of their high power capability, long cycle life, fast charge and discharge rate, and low maintenance . Supercapacitors are classified into two types (i) Electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and (ii) pseudocapacitor.…”

Naturally occurring neem gum: An unprecedented green resource for bioelectrochemical flexible energy storage device

“…Carbon materials are widely studied for this purpose due to their low price, easily available starting materials and optimum chemical and physical properties. have been successfully transformed into activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode application [32][33][34][35][36][37] . Few carbon materials (bio-derived activated carbon-based materials) were prepared from natural sources, waste of food products and agriculture as well 28,29 due to their benefits such as simple synthesis procedure, super abundance in nature and low-cost scale-up applications 30,31 .…”