Orally administered eicosapentaenoic acid reduces and stabilizes atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-deficient mice

Highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cardio-ankle vascular index in association with decreased serum amyloid A-LDL in metabolic syndrome

“…These data also suggest that the reduction of oxidative LDL modification is a part of the mechanism behind the anti-atherogenic effect of EPA. Given that EPA has been proven to reduce the risk of major coronary events, 7 this study provides important insights into its therapeutic implications in obesity-related metabolic syndrome.…”

“…6 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids or EPA exert various beneficial effects in a multistep treatment of atherosclerosis, such as antiplatelet action (because of the antagonizing effects of arachidonic acid) and plaque stabilization. 7,8 We have recently shown that treatment with EPA decreased small, dense LDL, remnants, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble endothelial adhesion molecules and increases adiponectin, an antiatherogenic adipocytokine. [9][10][11] All of the abovementioned factors may contribute to the anti-atherogenic effect of EPA.…”

Relationships between Plasma Fatty Acid Composition and Coronary Artery Disease

“…The question thus arises how EPA exhibited its beneficial effects. We speculate that anti-inflammatory effects of EPA might be principally responsible for reducing atherosclerotic lesions and prevent cardiovascular events 15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] . Concerning the prevention of CAD by EPA as well as its anti-inflammatory effect, it should be noted that EPA exhibits an antiarrhythmic effect 26) , inhibits platelet aggregation 27,28) , exhibits vasodilatory activity 29) , increases the circulating adiponectin level 30) , has a triglyceride-lowering effect 31) , and induces plaque stabilization 24,32) .…”

Impact of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Treatment on the Fibrous Cap Thickness in Patients with Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

“…Furthermore, Matsumoto et al demonstrated that EPA therapy significantly prevents macrophage infiltration and is associated with an increase in the collagen content and number of smooth muscle cells 16) , while Kanai et al showed that EPA treatment inhibits the ability of macrophages to secrete several effecter molecules, including matrix-metalloproteinase-9, which potentially weakens the fibrous caps of atheromas 17) . In addition, Wu et al reported that EPA prevents the progression of atherosclerosis by reducing the level of oxidized LDL-induced cell apoptosis 18) .…”