Orally Administered Amoxicillin/Clavulanate: Current Role in Outpatient Therapy

Veeraraghavan, Balaji; Bakthavatchalam, Yamuna Devi; Sahni, Rani Diana

doi:10.1007/s40121-020-00374-7

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(31 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, ceftriaxone, ertapenem, and temocillin exhibit extensive protein binding ( t 1/2 > 6 h), and both cephalothin and cefotaxime are rapidly converted to their desacetyl metabolites ( t 1/2 < 1 h). An interesting recent development involving the fermentation isolation of clavulanate focused heavily on the minimization of its hydrolysis to improve its yield during manufacturing ( Veeraraghavan et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition

Turner

Muraoka

Bedenbaugh³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Beta-lactam antibiotics remain one of the most commonly prescribed drug classes, but they are limited by their propensity to cause hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., from allergy to anaphylaxis) as well as by the emergence of bacteria with a myriad of resistance mechanisms such as β-lactamases. While development efforts continue to focus on overcoming resistance, there are ongoing concerns regarding cross-contamination of β-lactams during manufacturing and compounding of these drugs. Additionally, there is a need to reduce levels of drugs such as β-lactam antibiotics in waste-water to mitigate the risk of environmental exposure. To help address future development of effective remediation chemistries and processes, it is desired to better understand the structural relationship among the most common β-lactams. This study includes the creation of a class-wide structural ordering of the entire β-lactam series, including both United States Food and Drug Association (US-FDA)-approved drugs and experimental therapies. The result is a structural relational map: the “Lactamome,” which positions each substance according to architecture and chemical end-group. We utilized a novel method to compare the structural relationships of β-lactam antibiotics among the radial cladogram and describe the positioning with respect to efficacy, resistance to hydrolysis, reported hypersensitivity, and Woodward height. The resulting classification scheme may help with the development of broad-spectrum treatments that reduce the risk of occupational exposure and negative environmental impacts, assist practitioners with avoiding adverse patient reactions, and help direct future drug research.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition

Turner

Muraoka

Bedenbaugh³

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All otopathogens can be treated with amoxicillin. However, in cases of co-colonization with inherent beta lactamase producing organisms such as M. catarrhalis and H. influenzae, beta-lactam inhibitor combinations like amoxicillin/clavulanic acid are preferred than amoxicillin alone ( Veeraraghavan et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Acute otitis media (AOM) is an inflammatory disease of the middle ear causing significant morbidity in early childhood. A pilot study was undertaken to identify the role of various risk factors South Indian children with AOM, especially the role of nasopharyngeal otopathogens. Methodology A prospective case control pilot study was conducted in children aged below six years, presenting to a single tertiary care from 2018 to 2019. Fifty cases with AOM and 45 age and gender matched controls were recruited. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected, one was processed for bacterial culture. The other swab was processed according to the CDC recommended broth enrichment method to identify carriage of S. pneumoniae. Subsequent serotyping was done by Quellung method and conventional sequential multiplex PCR. Result Otalgia was the major presentation seen in 92% of the children with AOM. None of the clinical and demographic characteristics were found to be statistically significant between the cases and controls. The most common otopathogen was S. pneumoniae (55%) followed by H. influenza (29%). The common S. pneumoniae serotypes encountered were 11A and 19F.Nasopharyngeal colonization with S. pneumoniae [OR 6.57, p < 0.003] and H. influenzae [OR14.18, p < 0.003] were significant risk factors for AOM in children. The risk increased with co-colonization (OR 13.89,p < 0.003). Conclusion This study strengthens the significant association between nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens and AOM as a risk factor that is enhanced by co-colonization. S. pneumoniae was the main otopathogen in this population, serotypes 11A and 19F being the most common.

show abstract

“…Then, patients in all groups were post-medicated with co-amoxiclav (625 mg), amoxicillin (500 mg) or metronidazole (500 mg) plus 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash following the surgery for 5 days ( Figure 1 ). The co-amoxiclav, amoxicillin, and metronidazole doses used for this study were chosen according to manufacturer’s recommendation and set at such a level as to keep the minimum side effects [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Local anesthesia (1.8 mL mepivacaine 2% with epinephrine 1:100,000.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Pre-Emptive Co-Amoxiclav, Postoperative Amoxicillin, and Metronidazole for Prevention of Postoperative Complications in Dentoalveolar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Gazal

Al-Samadani

Alsaidalani

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of different oral antibiotics for prevention of dry socket and infection in adults following the surgical extraction of teeth under LA. Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted from 10 September 2020 until 10 May 2021. Forty-six patients were randomly allocated to three groups. Sixteen patients were in the postoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) group, fifteen in the preoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) plus postoperative metronidazole (500 mg) group and fifteen in the preoperative co-amoxiclav (625 mg) plus postoperative amoxicillin (500 mg) group. Evaluation of the postoperative signs of alveolar osteitis and infection was made by a dental surgeon five days postoperatively. Evaluation of the post-surgical extraction pain was made by patients immediately and five days postoperatively on standard 100 mm visual analogue scales (VAS). Furthermore, difficulty of surgery was recorded for all patients immediately postoperatively using (VAS). Results: all antibiotics used in this study were effective. Only 15% of patients had painful alveolar osteitis and 2% had oral infections. There was no significant decrease in the number of patients with severe alveolar osteitis or infection for co-amoxiclav plus metronidazole and co-amoxiclav plus amoxicillin groups compared to co-amoxiclav group at 5 days post-operation (p-values: 0.715, 0.819 & 0.309). Clinically, metronidazole was more effective in protecting the extracted tooth socket from alveolar osteitis compared to co-amoxiclav and amoxicillin. Moreover, there were significant decreases in mean pain scores at 5 days post-operation compared with the levels of pain immediately after surgery (p-value: 0.001). Conclusions: Administration of a single preoperative dose of co-amoxiclav with a full postoperative dose of amoxicillin or metronidazole was more effective than conventional treatment with postoperative co-amoxilcalv in reducing the incidence of both alveolar osteitis and infection after surgical extractions. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Interestingly, patients in metronidazole group had the lowest incidence of dry socket.

show abstract

Orally Administered Amoxicillin/Clavulanate: Current Role in Outpatient Therapy

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition

The Chemical Relationship Among Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Potential Impacts on Reactivity and Decomposition

Nasopharyngeal colonization of otopathogens in South Indian children with acute otitis media – A case control pilot study

A Comparison of Pre-Emptive Co-Amoxiclav, Postoperative Amoxicillin, and Metronidazole for Prevention of Postoperative Complications in Dentoalveolar Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About