Oral vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease with V4 vaccine delivered on processed rice grains

Abstract

An international effort (sponsored by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research) is being made to develop oral vaccines that will protect village chickens against Newcastle disease. The vaccines being used are derivatives of the avirulent Australian V4 strain that have been selected for enhanced heat resistance. The present study, undertaken in Sri Lanka, used local processed (parboiled) rice as a vehicle for the vaccine. Chickens receiving two doses of vaccine on cooked, parboiled rice were completely protected against contact challenge with the virulent SL 88/1 Sri Lankan strain of Newcastle disease virus Chickens kept in contact with these vaccinated chickens were similarly protected. Lower levels of protection were achieved with vaccine given on uncooked parboiled rice. V4 vaccine administered intranasally also gave complete protection. Serums from vaccinated chickens that survived challenge were tested for haemagglutination-inhibition antibodies, using both vaccine virus and challenge virus as antigens. Titres were higher against vaccine virus.

Delivery of thermostable Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine to chickens with broken millet grains as the vehicle

“…However, administration of booster dose of vaccine led to a good number of chickens (83%) producing HI antibody with about 51% up to and above HI (log 2 ) titre of 3.0. These results also agree with the findings of some other investigators who observed that a second administration of vaccine 10 -14 days after the first one was necessary for effective production of HI antibody by vaccinated chickens (Samuel and Spradbrow, 1991;Jayawardane, et al, 1990;Ideris et al, 1990a;Iroegbu and Nchinda, 1999). Newcastle disease vaccines administered orally have been reported to primarily provoke mucosal immunity (Parry and Aitken, 1977;Jayawardane and Spradbrow, 1995a, b), which attempt was not made to detect in this study.…”

Oral vaccination of chickens against Newcastle disease with I-2 vaccine coated on oiled rice

“…Cooked white rice has been effective carrier for V4 and I-2 ND vaccines, although it is subject to bacterial spoilage (Jayawardane et al 1990;Samuel et al 1993;Biswas et al 1996;Tu et al 1998). Raw white rice has not been a good carrier for oral vaccination probably because of its antiviral activity (Tantaswasdi et al 1992;Spradbrow 1993/94).…”

Putative protective antibody response following oral vaccination of multi-age free ranging helmeted guinea fowls (Numida meleagris) with Newcastle disease virus strain I-2 coated on oiled rice

“…Cooked white rice has been an effective carrier for ND vaccines but is highly subjected to bacterial spoilage (Spradbrow 1992;Samuel et al 1993;Wambura et al 2007). Raw rice may be the best vaccine carrier, unfortunately, it inactivates ND virus (Jayawardane et al 1990). Vegetable oil has been used to coat raw rice in order to protect ND virus from inactivants present in these grains (Wambura et al 2007).…”