Oral treatment with a chemically characterized parsley (Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum Danert) aqueous extract reduces thrombi formation in rats

Abstract

Petroselinum crispum var . neapolitanum Danert (Apiaceae) (PC), popularly known as parsley, is an herb native to the Mediterranean region widely cultivated around the world for culinary and ethnomedicinal purposes. The herb is traditionally used in various parts of the world to treat arterial hypertension, hemorrhoid, nose bleeding, hyperlipidemia, and pain, among other indications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antithrombotic activity of an aqueous extract PC in rats. Aerial parts of a flat-leaf variety of parsley were extracted by decoction. In vivo thrombosis in rat models as well as ex vivo assays were used in the evaluation of PC antithrombotic effects. Intravenous administration of PC (25 mg/kg.b.w), 5 min before thrombosis induction, reduced the venous thrombus formation by 98.2%, while oral administration (125 mg/kg.b.w) impaired it by 76.2%. In the arterial thrombosis model, the oral administration of PC at 15 or 25 mg/kg.b.w, 60 min before thrombosis induction, increased the carotid artery occlusion time by 150% (37.0 ± 6.44 min) and 240% (more than 60 min), respectively. A HPLC-DAD-MS/MS profile of PC extract used in this study was provided. Apiin showed to be the most abundant phenolic compound in the extract. It also revealed the presence of many coumaric acid derivatives. Our results indicate that PC is a potential candidate for the development of a phytotherapeutic drug in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases and provide a detailed chemical profile useful for controlling PC extract production in view of phytotherapy.

Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Parsley): An Updated Review of the Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology

“…While the venous antithrombotic activity was only observed with 125 mg/kg dose of the extract, the arterial antithrombotic activity was demonstrated with lower doses, including 15 and 25 mg/kg. On the other hand, the extract showed no in vitro anticoagulant activity in PT and PTT tests …”

“…On the other hand, the extract showed no in vitro anticoagulant activity in PT and PTT tests. 34 Hepatoprotective Properties. Parsley has been evaluated as a hepatoprotective agent in various hepatotoxicity models.…”

What Is New about Parsley, a Potential Source of Cardioprotective Therapeutic Substances?

“…A study conducted using a hydrolyzed methanolic extract of parsley's aerial parts revealed that its major aglycone is apigenin [34]. Apigenin (1) and its glycosides (Figure 1), especially apiin (apigenin-7-O-apioglucoside; 2) and malonylapiin (3), were confirmed as major compounds in polar extracts from aerial parts or leaves of parsley by multiple studies [35][36][37][38][39], including those carried out by our group [40,41]. Bioavailability studies with human volunteers evidenced that apigenin can be detected in plasma and urine after parsley ingestion [42,43].…”

Petroselinum Crispum (Mill.) Fuss (Parsley), a Food and Medicinally Important Plant: A Review of Recent Studies Between 2013-2023

“…In addition, coumarins (especially furanocoumarins) have been detected [21]. In some studies, coumaroyl-derived compounds whose structure was not fully determined were detected [22,23]. There are also compounds such as phenolic compounds, organic acids, carotenoids, carbohydrates, phenylpropanoids and fatty acids.…”

“…15 or 25 mg/kg extract was found to increase carotid artery occlusion time by 37.0±6.44 minutes (150%) and more than 60 minutes (240%), respectively, when administered orally 60 minutes before induction of thrombosis. Parsley has been reported to be a potential drug candidate for the treatment of thromboembolic disease [23].…”