Oral Susceptibility of Singapore Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus) to Zika Virus

Li, Mei-Zhi Irene; Wong, Pei Sze Jeslyn; Ng, Lee Ching; Tan, Cheong Huat

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001792

Cited by 209 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Although limited in scope, our study indicates that A. aegypti was the principal vector of ZIKV in the Tapachula area of Chiapas State, based on the detection of ZIKV in several mosquito pools and the previous demonstrated transmission competence of this species [30,31]. Our estimated field infection rates were very high, as expected for viruses like DENV and CHIKV when sampling is focused on the homes of suspected cases with active transmission [32,33].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Outbreak of Zika Virus Infection, Chiapas State, Mexico, 2015, and First Confirmed Transmission byAedes aegyptiMosquitoes in the Americas

et al. 2016

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Background. After decades of obscurity, Zika virus (ZIKV) has spread through the Americas since 2015 accompanied by congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although these epidemics presumably involve transmission by Aedes aegypti, no direct evidence of vector involvement has been reported, prompting speculation that other mosquitoes such as Culex quinquefasciatus could be involved.Methods. We detected an outbreak of ZIKV infection in southern Mexico in late 2015. Sera from suspected ZIKV-infected patients were analyzed for viral RNA and antibodies. Mosquitoes were collected in and around patient homes and tested for ZIKV.Results. Of 119 suspected ZIKV-infected patients, 25 (21%) were confirmed by RT-PCR of serum collected 1-8 days after the onset of signs and symptoms including rash, arthralgia, headache, pruritus, myalgia, and fever. Of 796 mosquitoes collected, A. aegypti yielded ZIKV detection by RT-PCR in 15 of 55 pools (27.3%). No ZIKV was detected in C. quinquefasciatus. ZIKV sequences derived from sera and mosquitoes showed a monophyletic relationship suggestive of a point source introduction from Guatemala.Conclusions. These results demonstrate the continued, rapid northward progression of ZIKV into North America with typically mild disease manifestations, and implicate A. aegypti for the first time as a principal vector in North America.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Outbreak of Zika Virus Infection, Chiapas State, Mexico, 2015, and First Confirmed Transmission byAedes aegyptiMosquitoes in the Americas

et al. 2016

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“…At day 7, medium was removed from each well, and the cells were stained with 0.1 mL of crystal violet solution [0.2% wt/vol crystal violet in an aqueous solution containing 10% (vol/vol) formaldehyde and 20% (vol/vol) ethanol] for 10-15 min. After washing with tap water, titer was calculated based on 50% endpoints by using the Reed and Muench algorithm and expressed as log 10 TCID50/mL (88).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of primitive human placental trophoblast to Zika virus

Sheridan

Yunusov

Balaraman

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

157

155

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Infection of pregnant women by Asian lineage strains of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been linked to brain abnormalities in their infants, yet it is uncertain when during pregnancy the human conceptus is most vulnerable to the virus. We have examined two models to study susceptibility of human placental trophoblast to ZIKV: cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast derived from placental villi at term and colonies of trophoblast differentiated from embryonic stem cells (ESC). The latter appear to be analogous to the primitive placenta formed during implantation. The cells from term placentas, which resist infection, do not express genes encoding most attachment factors implicated in ZIKV entry but do express many genes associated with antiviral defense. By contrast, the ESC-derived trophoblasts possess a wide range of attachment factors for ZIKV entry and lack components of a robust antiviral response system. These cells, particularly areas of syncytiotrophoblast within the colonies, quickly become infected, produce infectious virus and undergo lysis within 48 h after exposure to low titers (multiplicity of infection > 0.07) of an African lineage strain (MR766 Uganda: ZIKVU) considered to be benign with regards to effects on fetal development. Unexpectedly, lytic effects required significantly higher titers of the presumed more virulent FSS13025 Cambodia (ZIKVC). Our data suggest that the developing fetus might be most vulnerable to ZIKV early in the first trimester before a protective zone of mature villous trophoblast has been established. Additionally, MR766 is highly trophic toward primitive trophoblast, which may put the early conceptus of an infected mother at high risk for destruction.

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“…Similar to other flaviviruses, ZIKV replicates in the midgut and salivary glands. After an extrinsic incubation period of 5-10 days, ZIKV can be found in the mosquito's saliva which can cause human infection upon biting [87,88]. Additionally, it can also be transmitted vertically from mother to child like other flaviviruses.…”

Section: Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%