Oral submucous fibrosis: A global challenge. Rising incidence, risk factors, management, and research priorities

Ray, Jharna; Chatterjee, Raghunath; Chaudhuri, Keya

doi:10.1111/prd.12277

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…These include vitamin deficiencies, heavy consumption of chilies and of areca nut and tobacco chewing. These are reviewed in the chapter by X on oral submucous fibrosis in this volume . Amongst these, the most consistent observation in oral submucous fibrosis etiology was the habit of areca nut chewing.…”

Section: Epidemiological Data: Correlations With Etiology Of Oral Submentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular pathways regulated by areca nut in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis

Kondaiah

Pant

Khan³

2019

Periodontology 2000

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Most oral lesions are diagnosed initially by clinical examination followed by histopathological evaluation. Oral lesions are easily noticed owing to the ease of approach to the affected area. A routine dental examination would reveal many oral lesions at an early stage. Lesions are of two main types: One is due to infectious, physical, or chemical agents, and the other is due to chronic systemic changes, in an Indian context often because of substance abuse, such as smoked and smokeless tobacco and areca nut, amongst others. In this volume of Periodontology 2000, epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of most oral lesions have been elegantly presented in previous chapters. However, in those chapters the molecular basis of etiopathogenesis of most disorders has not been discussed in great detail; this is predominantly due to dearth of adequate data. For a comprehensive evaluation of the disease process, and subsequent rational management, one must study a disease spanning from clinical, epidemiology, pathology, and finally molecular analysis. In the past, a great deal of understanding of most oral lesions at the clinical and pathological levels has been accomplished. The underlying molecular mechanisms are beginning to unravel with respect to some of these lesions, and in the past decade there have been considerable advances made in relation to oral malignancies. There is an urgent need to evaluate the prognosis of potentially malignant oral disorders and lesions using molecular markers, but such studies are outside the scope of the present volume. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms that underlie oral mucosal disease, with an emphasis on oral submucous fibrosis. | OR AL SUB MUCOUS FIB ROS ISOral submucous fibrosis is a progressive condition with fibroelastic changes of the lamina propria and of the oral submucosa, and may extend to the pharynx and upper esophagus, with concomitant juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction. It is also characterized by epithelial atrophy and progressive stiffness of the affected mucosae. The disease is characterized by the presence of palpable fibrous bands and a gradual atrophy of epithelium, including rete ridges. The early stage displays an inflammatory reaction in the lamina propria without much fibrosis. However, as disease progresses, inflammatory cells are infrequent and hyalinization of the subepithelial zone becomes evident. This fibrotic area then progresses from the subepithelial layer to the muscle layers in later stages. Consequently, patients have difficulty in opening the mouth, leading to increasing morbidity: For an elaborate review of clinical aspects, see the chapter by Ray et al in this volume. | EPIDEMI OLOG I C AL DATA : CORREL ATI ON S WITH E TI OLOGY OF OR AL SUB MUCOUS FIB ROS ISWith the large amount of clinical, epidemiological data and case reports available, the etiology of oral submucous fibrosis is perceived to be multifactorial. Several factors have been considered instrumental in the initiation and progression of oral submucous ...

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Section: Epidemiological Data: Correlations With Etiology Of Oral Submentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular pathways regulated by areca nut in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis

Kondaiah

Pant

Khan³

2019

Periodontology 2000

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“…The habit and the disease has spread across Melanesia and the western Pacific islands and is seen in the diaspora of emigrants from this region (especially Indians) to North America, Europe, and Australasia. Ray et al have made major contributions to our knowledge of epidemiology, risk factors, and management strategies and in this Volume address global challenges posed by this potentially devastating disorder . It is extremely difficult to manage, unless the causative habits are stopped before the fibrosis is well advanced …”

Section: Oral Submucous Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonneoplastic diseases and disorders of the oral mucosa: A contemporary overview

Ariyawardana

Johnson

2019

Periodontology 2000

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Oral mucosal diseases encompass a diverse array of conditions and disorders arising from malignant, potentially malignant, and nonneoplastic processes. Considerable attention has been paid to the former in recent years, much less to the wide range of nonneoplastic disease processes, which constitute a sizeable proportion of the oral disease burden globally. Many nonneoplastic disease processes of the oral mucosa significantly affect the patient's quality of life. Fortunately, timely identification and intervention can reduce the associated morbidity and, sometimes, mortality. As such, it is of utmost importance that dentists are familiar with early identification and management of this wide range of oral mucosal diseases. This volume of Periodontology 2000 provides a comprehensive contemporary review of such diseases and disorders through 15 chapters. We cover all relevant disease categories: developmental anomalies, infections, white and red lesions, vesiculo‐bullous diseases, oral dermatoses, oral ulcerative conditions, dysplastic lesions, and mucosal diseases as manifestations of systemic disease or oral lesions as a part of systemic diseases. Each chapter discusses epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. Controversies and many significant gaps in knowledge are exposed, with suggestions for research to address limitations in current understandings. We take a look at the 2017 classification of the periodontal diseases and discuss the importance of close liaison between the specialties of oral medicine and of periodontology in the management of the many oral diseases, apart from the common forms primarily related to oral biofilm, affecting the gingivae and other parts of the periodontium.

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“…Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an OPMD commonly present among people in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. 1,2 Various epidemiological studies implicate areca nut chewing as the main aetiological factor in OSF. There is overwhelming evidence suggesting that the chewing of commercial addictive products, such as pan masala, gutka, mawa and betel quid (BQ) containing considerable amounts of areca nut, tobacco and slaked lime, predisposes patients to OSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3 Areca nut has cytotoxic effects on oral mucosal cells, 4 and disturbingly, oral cancer arising in the background of OSF seems to develop earlier and has a greater propensity to invade and metastasize. 1 Considering OSF as an over-healing wound, the role of stem cell activity in its genesis is well documented. 2,5,6 Several reports suggest downregulated basal stem cell activity as a tipping event triggering epithelial atrophy in OSF.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation

Sharma¹,

Fonseca

Hunter

et al. 2020

Int J Oral Sci

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The integrity of the basal stem cell layer is critical for epithelial homoeostasis. In this paper, we review the expression of oral mucosal stem cell markers (OM-SCMs) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to understand the role of basal cells in potentiating cancer stem cell behaviour in OSF. While the loss of basal cell clonogenicity triggers epithelial atrophy in OSF, the transition of the epithelium from atrophic to hyperplastic and eventually neoplastic involves the reactivation of basal stemness. The vacillating expression patterns of OM-SCMs confirm the role of keratins 5, 14, 19, CD44, β1-integrin, p63, sex-determining region Y box (SOX2), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), c-MYC, B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus integration site 1 (Bmi-1) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in OSF, OPMDs and OSCC. The downregulation of OM-SCMs in the atrophic epithelium of OSF and their upregulation during malignant transformation are illustrated with relevant literature in this review.

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Oral submucous fibrosis: A global challenge. Rising incidence, risk factors, management, and research priorities

Cited by 63 publications

References 108 publications

Molecular pathways regulated by areca nut in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis

Molecular pathways regulated by areca nut in the etiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis

Nonneoplastic diseases and disorders of the oral mucosa: A contemporary overview

Loss of oral mucosal stem cell markers in oral submucous fibrosis and their reactivation in malignant transformation

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