Oral Rehydration for Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3 Solutions

Rao, Satish S.C.; Summers, R. W.; Rao, G. R S; Ramana, S.; Devi, U. K.; Zimmerman, Bridget; Pratap, B.

doi:10.1177/0148607106030005433

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Individuals suffering from diarrhea are typically defined as having a daily stool weight in excess of 216 200 g and a recent study reported mean stool weights of 750 g in persons with diarrhea (Rao, 2006); 217 a Uniform distribution was used to represent faecal weights for ill individuals, making the 218 assumption that all infected individuals have diarrhea (secondary attack rate counts only people who 219 are symptomatic). 220…”

Section: ) 215mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen reduction requirements for direct potable reuse in Antarctica: Evaluating human health risks in small communities

Barker

Packer

Scales

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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22Small, remote communities often have limited access to energy and water. Direct potable reuse of 23 treated wastewater has recently gained attention as a potential solution for water-stressed regions, 24 but requires further evaluation specific to small communities. The required pathogen reductions 25 needed for safe implementation of direct potable reuse of treated sewage is an important 26 consideration but these are typically quantified for larger communities and cities. A quantitative 27 microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was conducted, using norovirus, giardia and Campylobacter as 28 reference pathogens, to determine the level of treatment required to meet the tolerable annual 29

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Section: ) 215mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen reduction requirements for direct potable reuse in Antarctica: Evaluating human health risks in small communities

Barker

Packer

Scales

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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“…During a diarrheal illness, a net secretion of fluids occurs because of a failure to absorb fluids normally or because of mucosal injury or toxin-induced excessive secretion. 9 When the colon cannot absorb this excessive fluid, it is excreted as diarrhea. Electrolyte imbalance can result with high-volume diarrhea.…”

Section: Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Without adequate glucose, the solution would not be absorbed and would only contribute to the volume of diarrhea. 9 Likewise, beverages with a higher glucose-to-sodium ratio, such as in fruit juices and soda, will increase diarrheal loss. Therefore, oral rehydration solutions must include glucose and sodium in the correct ratio and be palatable to encourage their consumption.…”

Section: Oral Rehydration Therapy For Mild To Moderate Viral Gastroenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects with normal electrolytes on admission were able to maintain them throughout the study, but those with hypokalemia or hyponatremia in the Gatorade group were less likely to correct this imbalance. 9 The authors state that this may be a skewed result because the Gatorade group had a higher percentage of hyponatremic and hypokalemic subjects than the other groups. The subjects preferred the taste of the Gatorade and the N-ORS versus the Pedialyte.…”

Section: Oral Rehydration Therapy For Mild To Moderate Viral Gastroenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral Gastroenteritis in the Adult Population

Krenzer

2012

Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America

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Viral gastroenteritis is extremely common, causing millions of cases of diarrhea in all age groups worldwide. Norovirus has been identified as the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in the adult population. The combination of a low infectious dose, viral shedding before and for weeks after illness, and resistance to temperatures from freezing to 60°C and to many common household cleaners makes norovirus a winter peril. Mild disease requires symptomatic treatment alone. Complicated cases develop severe dehydration and hypovolemia, requiring the skills of critical care nurses to meet the challenges of care. This article addresses diagnosis and prevention strategies.

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“…The transport and uptake of fluid restores plasma volume, promotes total body rehydration, and allows the individual to survive. Debate still exists as to the ideal ratio of sodium to glucose, 64 but it is generally believed that a 2:1 ratio of sodium to glucose is optimal to activate the transporter. 65 …”

Section: Acute Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydration and Health

Horswill

Janas

2011

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine

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Daily adequate water intake to maintain euhydration is arguably the most important nutrient requirement for humans. Within a margin of error, the body regulates the maintenance of body fluid balance and especially that of the plasma volume, through mechanisms that stimulate thirst and/or modify the rate of urine production. However, there are circumstances such as with excessive sweating during exercise in the heat, osmotic diarrhea, or excessive fluid consumption, or water intoxication where normal mechanisms of regulation may be inadequate to compensate for acute changes in hydration status and result in life threatening consequences. Health and onset of disease may be affected by the chronic hydration state of individual. The risks of colorectal cancer, nephrolithiasis in those with a history of kidney stones, and bladder cancer may be reduced by more frequent water consumption. Recent research suggests that appropriate timing of water intake around meal occasions may help reduce energy intake and contribute to maintenance of body weight in overweight individuals. Definitive benefits of hydration on cardiovascular and oral health and general immune system function remain to be determined. It is also unclear whether the health benefits of water and fluid ingestion are a function of the process of frequent fluid intake or the maintenance of a potentially expanded state of hydration.

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Oral Rehydration for Viral Gastroenteritis in Adults: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3 Solutions

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Pathogen reduction requirements for direct potable reuse in Antarctica: Evaluating human health risks in small communities

Pathogen reduction requirements for direct potable reuse in Antarctica: Evaluating human health risks in small communities

Viral Gastroenteritis in the Adult Population

Hydration and Health

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