Oral Pyogenic Granuloma: A Literature Review

Abstract

Oral pyogenic granuloma (PG) is generally a solitary benign connective tissue proliferation of unknown etiology. It is the most common type of oral inflammatory hyperplasia histologically characterized by proliferation of granulation tissue with inflammatory infiltrates and high angiogenic capacity. Vascular neoformations of different diameters are usually present. Due to their structural characteristics, tendency to bleed, and rapid and alarming growth rate, these neoformations may have serious consequences. Sometimes, it is complex to make an accurate diagnosis. Therefore, adequate management and treatment are based on the characteristics and systemic conditions of each patient. This review was carried out to provide an overview of the factors involved in, or attributed to the etiopathogenesis of oral PG. It describes the different forms of presentation and clinical evolution, as well as the most frequent signs and symptoms that characterize this disease, while incorporating recent radiographic and microscopic findings. In addition, it describes the different modalities for the management of oral pyogenic granuloma depending on the particular characteristics of each patient.

Pyogenic Granuloma in the Mandibular Anterior Gingiva: A Case Study

“…PG may develop following a hypersensitivity reaction linked to medications such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, nifedipine, levothyroxine, ramucirumab, and calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus). Furthermore, retinoid, antineoplastic, and antiretroviral medications are all related to PG [ 14 ]. Trauma accounts for around one-third of lesions; another factor could be inadequate dental hygiene [ 2 , 8 , 10 , 13 ].…”