“…The reasons for such an uneven distribution between writing and oral language are the lack of skills to teach oral language, the higher status of written language, the focus of textbooks on teaching to write, and so on. A separate problem is the lack of proper qualifications of teachers, linguistic knowledge (phonetics and phonology, lexicology, syntax, grammar, pragmatics) (Fernández & Andersen, 2019). Even if learning takes place orally, it is often not a psycholinguistic or sociocultural process.…”