Oral preload of calcium reduces food intake via enhanced PYY secretion in rats

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec id="S0029665120001871_sec_a1" sec-type="intro"><jats:title>Introduction</jats:title><jats:p>Dietary calcium has been proposed to reduce appetite (or to enhance satiety) in human studies. However, underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In animal and cell studies, it has been demonstrated that activation of the calcium-sensing receptor induced secretion of anorexic gut hormones such as cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from enteroendocrine cells. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that calcium suppresses appetite thorough enhanced gut hormone secretion, by using rats.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0029665120001871_sec_a2" sec-type="materials"><jats:title>Materials and Methods</jats:title><jats:p>Male Sprague Dawley rats were maintained by feeding a standard diet (AIN-93G, n = 6–8 per group). As calcium sources, calcium chloride, calcium carbonate, and calcium lactate were tested. These calcium salts were orally preloaded in fasted rats by using a feeding tube, and subsequent food intake was monitored until 24 hours. To assess conditioned taste aversion, saccharin preference test was conducted after conditioning with calcium or lithium chloride. To investigate involvements of gut hormones such as CCK, GLP-1, and peptide-YY (PYY), specific receptor antagonists for respective gut hormones were intraperitoneally injected just after oral preload of calcium, and then food intake was monitored. Portal blood samples were collected 15 or 30 min after oral preload of calcium for measurement of gut hormones by ELISA.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec id="S0029665120001871_sec_a3" sec-type="results"><jats:title>Results and discussion</jats:title><jats:p>At the same dose of calcium (150 mg/kg), preload of calcium chloride reduced food intake for 4 hours compared to preload of the control solution (P &lt; 0.05), while other compounds had minor effects on food intake. Saccharin preference ratio was only reduced by conditioning with lithium chloride (P &lt; 0.01), but not by that with calcium compounds, indicating no conditional taste aversion was occurred by calcium. Suppressive effect of calcium chloride on food intake was partially reversed by pretreatment with a PYY receptor antagonist (BIIE0246) but not by that with a CCK- or a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. Portal PYY concentrations were higher in calcium chloride-treated rats than in the control rats (P &lt; 0.05), 15 min after the preload and re-feeding. Changes in serum calcium concentrations were not observed by preload of calcium.</jats:p><jats:p>These results suggest that oral preload of calcium chloride reduces subsequent food intake via enhanced PYY secretion in rats.</jats:p></jats:sec>

Ligilactobacillus Salivarius LCK11 Prevents Obesity by Promoting PYY Secretion to Inhibit Appetite and Regulating Gut Microbiota in C57BL/6J Mice

“…For instance, Hira et al found that an oral preload of calcium could reduce food intake in rats through increasing PYY secretion. [6] However, excessive calcium intake increased the risk of cardiovascular events, urolithiasis, and even fractures, [27] which may be the harm of promoting PYY secretion by supplementing excessive calcium instead of LCK11. According to the results of the colonization of LCK11 in the intestine and its effect on PYY expression in different parts of the intestine, LCK11 colonized and promoted the transcription and translation of PYY most significantly in the rectum, which implied that the ability of LCK11 to promote PYY secretion might be associated with the number of LCK11 local colonization.…”