Oral prebiotics and the influence of environmental conditions in vitro

Slomka, Vera; Herrero, Esteban Rodríguez; Boon, Nico; Bernaerts, Kristel; Trivedi, Harsh M.; Daep, Carlo Amorin; Quirynen, Marc; Teughels, Wim

doi:10.1002/jper.17-0437

Cited by 43 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, few studies focused on the application of prebiotics. A recent work screened potential nutritional compounds for the stimulation of commensal bacteria growth with beneficial effects on oral health [8,9]. Even though different surveys applied prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics to modify the dysbiotic gut microbiome in HIV patients [12,13,14,15,16,17], no such studies were performed for oral HIV-associated microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the use of prebiotics in oral health is in its infancy. Recently, Slomka et al [8,9] evaluated different potential oral prebiotics and two compounds (beta-methyl- d -galactoside and N -acetyl- d -mannosamine) were identified as substrates with a stimulatory effect on beneficial oral bacteria growth and the subsequent suppression of pathogens. In caries management, compounds such as urea or arginine are considered to be prebiotics since their metabolism by oral bacteria produces alkali that increase the pH, inhibiting acidogenic and aciduric pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

et al. 2019

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by an early depletion of the mucosal associated T helper (CD4+) cells that impair the host immunity and impact the oral and gut microbiomes. Although, the HIV-associated gut microbiota was studied in depth, few works addressed the dysbiosis of oral microbiota in HIV infection and, to our knowledge, no studies on intervention with prebiotics were performed. We studied the effect of a six-week-long prebiotic administration on the salivary microbiota in HIV patients and healthy subjects. Also, the co-occurrence of saliva microorganisms in the fecal bacteria community was explored. We assessed salivary and feces microbiota composition using deep 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing with Illumina methodology. At baseline, the different groups shared the same most abundant genera, but the HIV status had an impact on the saliva microbiota composition and diversity parameters. After the intervention with prebiotics, we found a drastic decrease in alpha diversity parameters, as well as a change of beta diversity, without a clear directionality toward a healthy microbiota. Interestingly, we found a differential response to the prebiotics, depending on the initial microbiota. On the basis of 100% identity clustering, we detected saliva sequences in the feces datasets, suggesting a drag of microorganisms from the upper to the lower gastrointestinal tract.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

et al. 2019

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“…Recent studies have identified several other compounds; Met-Pro, succinic acid, beta-methyl- D -galactoside and N -acetyl- D -mannosamine as prebiotic candidates for caries prevention. These molecules were able to promote the dominance of health-associated organisms in a multispecies in vitro culture (Slomka et al, 2017, 2018). Whether these effects can be translated into in vivo studies remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Preventative Approaches In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting the Oral Microbiome to Prevent Tooth Decay: Has Evolution Already Provided the Best Tools?

Baker

Edlund

2019

Front. Microbiol.

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To compete in the relatively exposed oral cavity, resident microbes must avoid being replaced by newcomers. This selective constraint, coupled with pressure on the host to cultivate a beneficial microbiome, has rendered a commensal oral microbiota that displays colonization resistance, protecting the human host from invasive species, including pathogens. Rapid increases in carbohydrate consumption have disrupted the evolved homeostasis between the oral microbiota and dental health, reflected by the high prevalence of dental caries. Development of novel modalities to prevent caries has been the subject of a breadth of research. This mini review provides highlights of these endeavors and discusses the rationale and pitfalls behind the major avenues of approach. Despite efficacy, fluoride and other broad-spectrum interventions are unlikely to further reduce the incidence of dental caries. The most promising methodologies in development are those that exploit the exclusive nature of the healthy oral microbiome. Probiotics derived from the dental plaque of healthy individuals sharply antagonize cariogenic species, such as Streptococcus mutans. Meanwhile, targeted antimicrobials allow for the killing of specific pathogens, allowing reestablishment of a healthy microbiome, presumably with its protective effects. The oral microbiota manufactures a massive array of small molecules, some of which are correlated with health and are likely to antagonize pathogens. The prohibitive cost associated with sufficiently rigorous clinical trials, and the status of dental caries as a non-life-threatening condition will likely continue to impede the advancement of new therapeutics to market. Nevertheless, there is room for optimism, as it appears evolution may have already provided the best tools.

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“…One study that used a proline-containing pentapeptide, RGRPQ, which was identified as a breakdown product of PRP-1 by oral bacteria, showed that the peptide was able to affect biofilm adhesion and proliferation by Streptococcus gordonii (a beneficial commensal) and resist sucrose-induced pH decrease (Drobni et al, 2006). Slomka et al successfully presented data in support of a proline-containing prebiotic candidate, methionine-proline, that shifted the composition of a 14-species oral biofilm model by reducing pathogenic species to a predominantly beneficial species population after just 3 days exposure to the prebiotic (Slomka et al, 2017(Slomka et al, , 2018.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Proline Utilization by Oral Bacterial Biofilms Grown in Saliva

2021

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Within the mouth bacteria are starved of saccharides as their main nutrient source between meals and it is unclear what drives their metabolism. Previously oral in vitro biofilms grown in saliva have shown proteolytic degradation of salivary proteins and increased extracellular proline. Although arginine and glucose have been shown before to have an effect on oral biofilm growth and activity, there is limited evidence for proline. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to identify extracellular metabolites produced by bacteria in oral biofilms grown on hydroxyapatite discs. Biofilms were inoculated with stimulated whole mouth saliva and then grown for 7 days using sterilized stimulated whole mouth saliva supplemented with proline, arginine or glucose as a growth-medium. Overall proline had a beneficial effect on biofilm growth—with significantly fewer dead bacteria present by biomass and surface area of the biofilms (p < 0.05). Where arginine and glucose significantly increased and decreased pH, respectively, the pH of proline supplemented biofilms remained neutral at pH 7.3–7.5. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the spent saliva from proline and arginine supplemented biofilms showed inhibition of salivary protein degradation of immature biofilms. NMR analysis of the spent saliva revealed that proline supplemented biofilms were metabolically similar to unsupplemented biofilms, but these biofilms actively metabolized proline to 5-aminopentanoate, butyrate and propionate, and actively utilized glycine. This study shows that in a nutrient limited environment, proline has a beneficial effect on in vitro oral biofilms grown from a saliva inoculum.

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Oral prebiotics and the influence of environmental conditions in vitro

Abstract: Introducing the prebiotic concept in oral health might reveal a valid approach for treatment and prevention of oral diseases and promote oral health.

Cited by 43 publications

References 49 publications

Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

Modulation of Saliva Microbiota through Prebiotic Intervention in HIV-Infected Individuals

Exploiting the Oral Microbiome to Prevent Tooth Decay: Has Evolution Already Provided the Best Tools?

Evidence for Proline Utilization by Oral Bacterial Biofilms Grown in Saliva

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