Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral–Gut–Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases

Lei, Yumeng; Li, Simin; He, Mingxin; Ao, Zichun; Wang, Jiadun; Wu, Qingming; Wang, Qiang

doi:10.3390/diagnostics13213324

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Dysbiotic oral pathogens, when translocating to the gastrointestinal tract, similarly cause gut dysbiosis [ 95 ]. These pathogenic microbes and lethal metabolites enter the liver through the portal vein, causing adverse hepatic consequences [ 96 ]. These metabolites are derived from dysbiotic oral pathogens, often known as pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs; DAMPs) [ 92 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

Vegda,

Patel,

Girdhar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontitis share common risk factors such as obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and dyslipidemia, which contribute to systemic inflammation. It has been suggested that a bidirectional relationship exists between NAFLD and periodontitis, indicating that one condition may exacerbate the other. NAFLD is characterized by excessive fat deposition in the liver and is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation. There are several risk factors for the development of NAFLD, including gender, geriatric community, race, ethnicity, poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, physical activity, nutritional status, dysbiosis gut microbiota, increased oxidative stress, overweight, obesity, higher body mass index (BMI), IR, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), dyslipidemia (hypercholesterolemia), and sarcopenia (decreased skeletal muscle mass). This systemic inflammation can contribute to the progression of periodontitis by impairing immune responses and exacerbating the inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues. Furthermore, individuals with NAFLD often exhibit altered lipid metabolism, which may affect oral microbiota composition, leading to dysbiosis and increased susceptibility to periodontal disease. Conversely, periodontitis has been linked to the progression of NAFLD through mechanisms involving systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Chronic periodontal inflammation can release pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial toxins into the bloodstream, contributing to liver inflammation and exacerbating hepatic steatosis. Moreover, periodontitis-induced oxidative stress may promote hepatic lipid accumulation and IR, further aggravating NAFLD. The interplay between NAFLD and periodontitis underscores the importance of comprehensive management strategies targeting both conditions. Lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, a healthy diet, and proper oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing and managing these interconnected diseases. Additionally, interdisciplinary collaboration between hepatologists and periodontists is essential for optimizing patient care and improving outcomes in individuals with NAFLD and periodontitis.

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

Vegda,

Patel,

Girdhar

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…The health effects of the Japanese and Mediterranean diets are also mediated through the gut microbiota [ 10 , 11 ]. Moreover, the oral microbiota is also known to affect the development and progression of systemic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, liver disease, and dementia, and the oral microbiota is also associated with dietary patterns [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cohort Study of the Influence of the 12-Component Modified Japanese Diet Index on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population

Sato,

Chinda,

Iino

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The Japanese diet is a healthy dietary pattern, and the oral or gut microbiota have been identified as the main factors underlying the beneficial effects of the Japanese diet. However, epidemiological studies on Japanese dietary patterns calculated from daily eating habits in the general population yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to determine the association between the 12-component modified Japanese Diet Index (mJDI12) and the oral and gut microbiota in the general population of a rural area in Japan. After propensity-score matching, 396 participants (198 each in the low and high mJDI12 groups) were picked out. One year after the follow up survey, we reclassified the subjects and compared the low and high mJDI12 groups again. Participants with a high mJDI12 had a higher relative abundance of butyric acid-producing bacteria in their gut microbiota. Moreover, the significantly higher dietary fiber intake in the high mJDI12 group suggested that the high intake of dietary fiber contributed to an increase in butyric acid-producing bacteria in the gut. In contrast, in individuals with a high mJDI12, only Allpprevotella was decreased in the oral microbiota. Thus, the Japanese dietary pattern can have beneficial effects by improving the oral and gut microbiota.

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The Impact of Japanese Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis

Sasada,

Iino,

Sato

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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This study aimed to investigate the effect of Japanese dietary patterns on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and liver fibrosis. After excluding factors affecting the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, 727 adults were analyzed as part of the Health Promotion Project. The dietary patterns of the participants were classified into rice, vegetable, seafood, and sweet based on their daily food intake. Liver stiffness measurements and controlled attenuation parameters were performed using FibroScan. Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using the Brief-type Self-administered Diet History Questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors for liver fibrosis within the MASLD population. The vegetable group had significantly lower liver fibrosis indicators in the MASLD population than the rice group. The multivariate analysis identified a body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.83; p = 0.047) and HOMA-IR ≥ 1.6 (OR, 3.18; 95% CI, 1.74–5.78; p < 0.001) as risk factors for liver fibrosis, and vegetable group membership was a significant low-risk factor (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16–0.88; p = 0.023). The multivariate analysis of nutrients in low-risk foods revealed high intake of α-tocopherol (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.56–0.99; p = 0.039) as a significant low-risk factor for liver fibrosis. This study suggests that a vegetable-based Japanese dietary pattern, through the antioxidant effects of α-tocopherol, may help prevent liver fibrosis in MASLD and the development of MASLD.

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Oral Pathogenic Bacteria and the Oral–Gut–Liver Axis: A New Understanding of Chronic Liver Diseases

Cited by 4 publications

References 115 publications

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

Role of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Periodontitis: A Bidirectional Relationship

A Cohort Study of the Influence of the 12-Component Modified Japanese Diet Index on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population

The Impact of Japanese Dietary Patterns on Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis

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