Oral Myiasis

Abstract

Human myiasis results from parasitic tissue infestation by maggots. It often develops in open or necrotic wounds and has its highest prevalence among poor populations in tropical regions. This study reports 2 cases of human myiasis in the oral cavity and describes its clinical aspect and treatment.

Oral myiasis in older adult with severe Alzheimer’s disease

“…Although this is not a lethal disorder, in older adults, the systemic status is essential for a good prognosis. This case and other similar studies showed successful treatment . However, some cases in older adults with immunocompromised status (anemia, dehydration, low weight), stroke, tube feeding, cancer lesions, or trauma reported the patients died, as a result of these secondary causes, i.e., pneumonia, respiratory failure, and sepsis …”

“…Among 70 papers found in the search, only 26 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, total 35 cases (62.9% male, mean age = 76.2 years, ranging from 60 to 97 years), and this study. 7,15,17,20,23,27,28,31,32,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] Three of these articles were not included in the databases searched. 43,46,51 These were found in the reference list of selected articles and were included because these met the established inclusion criteria.…”

“…7 Certain drugs are suggested as adjuvants to treatment, such as Ivermectin (10 cases, 28,31,40,43,47,50,52 and this study) and Nitrofurazone. 28 Other chemical agents also were used to encourage the maggots to exit the wound through induction of tissue hypoxia or mechanical action of the irrigation, concomitantly, such as saline, 37 chloroform, turpentine oil, 15,27,40,46,51,52 hydrogen peroxide, 48 and chlorhexidine. 52 Sulfuric ether, olive oil, and gentian violet were also cited in other review studies.…”

“…This case and other similar studies showed successful treatment. 15,23,27,28,31,32,[40][41][42][43]45,46,51,52 However, some cases in older adults with immunocompromised status (anemia, dehydration, low weight), stroke, tube feeding, 17,36,37 cancer lesions, 20,38 or trauma 50 reported the patients died, as a result of these secondary causes, i.e., pneumonia, 36,37 respiratory failure, 7 and sepsis. 17,27,44,48,50 Diptera flies from Calliphoridae family were predominant in myiasis reported cases in older adults.…”

Oral myiasis: Analysis of cases reported in the English literature from 1990 to 2020

“…Efforts were made to contact the authors of three studies; however, their articles could not be retrieved 17–19 . A total of 122 articles reporting 157 cases of oral myiasis were selected 2,5–14,16,20–129 …”