Oral multiple w/o/w emulsion formulation of a peptide salmon calcitonin: in vitro-in vivo evaluation

Abstract

w/o/w emulsion formulations appear to be promising carrier systems for peptide-protein drugs.

Intestinal permeation enhancers for oral peptide delivery

“…Intestinal delivery of peptides in w/o/w emulsions was first tested over 45 years ago [308] and several prototypes have been shown to improve peptide permeability in animal models, including insulin [309] and sCT [310]. The excipients used in the stabilisation of multiple emulsions can also alter intestinal permeability (e.g.…”

Calcitonin and bone formation: a knockout full of surprises

“…Nonetheless, several new approaches are being used to enhance calcitonin access to the osteoclast, and, for its longer-term use in humans, to prevent receptor downregulation. The next decade should thus witness the development of oral formulations, new peptide delivery systems, and membrane-permeant analogs with in vivo potencies suggested by calcitonin's powerful cellular effects (29,30). A full characterization of the calcitonin receptor has allowed the synthesis of isoform-specific and even domain-specific calcitonin analogs.…”

Nanoemulsions coated with alginate/chitosan as oral insulin delivery systems: preparation, characterization, and hypoglycemic effect in rats

“…12 Although water in oil in water (w/o/w) multiple emulsions have shown better stability than w/o microemulsions in gastric juices, water-soluble drugs, including proteins and peptides, will also be released from multiple emulsions very quickly. 13 Furthermore, the size of the normal multiple emulsion droplet is relatively large, about 1-100 µm, which limits its uptake by intestinal epithelia or M cells.…”