Oral mucosal melanoma: epidemiology and pathobiology

Hicks, M. John; Flaitz, Catherine M.

doi:10.1016/s1368-8375(99)00085-8

Cited by 298 publications

(347 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…In fact, oral melanomas differ from cutaneous ones in several aspects, including risk factors, such as actinic radiation, family history, and an association with atypical nevi-factors applied mainly to cutaneous melanoma [27]. Genetic events are also distinct from those of its cutaneous counterpart.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Expression of p16, p21, p27 and Cyclin D1 in Oral Nevi and Melanoma

Andrade

León

Carlos³

et al. 2012

Head and Neck Pathol

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The acquisition of abnormalities at G1/S is considered a crucial step in the genesis and progression of melanoma. The expression of cell cycle regulators has also been used in various neoplasms as an adjunct to diagnosis. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of p16, p21, p27 and cyclin D1 in oral nevi and melanomas. Expression of these cell cycle regulatory proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 51 oral melanocytic lesions, including 38 intramucosal nevi and 13 primary oral melanomas. p16 and p27 were highly expressed in intramucosal nevi, whereas p21 and cyclin D1 expression was higher in oral melanomas. The results indicate that p21 and cyclin D1 may be involved in the development of oral melanomas, and eventually they may be useful in the differential diagnoses of oral benign and malignant melanocytic lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunohistochemical Expression of p16, p21, p27 and Cyclin D1 in Oral Nevi and Melanoma

Andrade

León

Carlos³

et al. 2012

Head and Neck Pathol

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“…One reason is, on the one hand, the presence of the vertical more aggressive growth (nodular) with invasion of the underlying submucosa and, on the other hand, the radial growth (superficial spreading) phase that is characterized by early metastasis [5]. In the present study, one patient revealed a superficial spreading growth pattern (patient 6 in Table 2) with primary T1 status and early metastases.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 48%

“…Nodal involvement with oral melanoma reduces median survival substantially from 46 months to only 18 months [5]. In the literature, different survival times are mentioned for OMM.…”

Section: Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For mucosal melanomas, distribution on the head and neck occurs in 55.4% of cases, followed by anal/rectal (23.8%), female genital tract (18%), and urinary tract sites (2.8%) [1]. The most frequently affected sites in the oral cavity are the maxillary gingival and the palate [5,6], and they are more commonly affected in Japan and Africa than in Western countries [2,7,8]. The development of oral malignant melanomas (OMM) and the function of melanocytes in the oral mucosa have still not been clearly identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for the rare appearance of OMM might be the low concentration of melanocytes in the oral mucosa. In single tissue sections of the gingiva, the ratio is one melanocyte to 15 keratinocytes, whereas in the skin of the cheek, the ratio is 1:4 and in the trunk 1:14 [5]. Melanocytes migrate much less frequently to endodermally derived mucosa-e. g., nasopharynx, larynx, esophagus, or tracheobronchial tree; therefore, mucosal malignant melanomas are rare in these locations [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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