Oral mucosal embryology and histology

Winning, T.; Townsend, Grant

doi:10.1016/s0738-081x(00)00140-1

Cited by 115 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The oropharyngeal epithelium consists of multiple layers of stratified squamous epithelial cells supported by an underlying layer of fibrous connective tissue, the lamina propria (33). It has been shown that stratified mucosal epithelia, including the oral mucosal epithelium, have well-developed tight junctions (34)(35)(36)(37), which initiate development of the distinct polarized apical and basolateral membranes of epithelial cells (38,39).…”

Section: Pstein-barr Virus (Ebv) Is An Oncogenic Human Herpesvirus Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr Virus Transcytosis through Polarized Oral Epithelial Cells

Tugizov

Herrera

Palefsky

2013

J Virol

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Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an orally transmitted virus, viral transmission through the oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium is not well understood. In this study, we investigated how EBV traverses polarized human oral epithelial cells without causing productive infection. We found that EBV may be transcytosed through oral epithelial cells bidirectionally, from both the apical to the basolateral membranes and the basolateral to the apical membranes. Apical to basolateral EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by amiloride, an inhibitor of macropinocytosis. Electron microscopy showed that virions were surrounded by apical surface protrusions and that virus was present in subapical vesicles. Inactivation of signaling molecules critical for macropinocytosis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, myosin light-chain kinase, Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1, p21-activated kinase 1, ADP-ribosylation factor 6, and cell division control protein 42 homolog, led to significant reduction in EBV apical to basolateral transcytosis. In contrast, basolateral to apical EBV transcytosis was substantially reduced by nystatin, an inhibitor of caveolin-mediated virus entry. Caveolae were detected in the basolateral membranes of polarized human oral epithelial cells, and virions were detected in caveosome-like endosomes. Methyl ␤-cyclodextrin, an inhibitor of caveola formation, reduced EBV basolateral entry. EBV virions transcytosed in either direction were able to infect B lymphocytes. Together, these data show that EBV transmigrates across oral epithelial cells by (i) apical to basolateral transcytosis, potentially contributing to initial EBV penetration that leads to systemic infection, and (ii) basolateral to apical transcytosis, which may enable EBV secretion into saliva in EBV-infected individuals.

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Section: Pstein-barr Virus (Ebv) Is An Oncogenic Human Herpesvirus Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Epstein-Barr Virus Transcytosis through Polarized Oral Epithelial Cells

Tugizov

Herrera

Palefsky

2013

J Virol

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“…These transitions can be appreciated based on gross visual inspection of oral tissue, as well as microscopic examination. 30 In future studies focused on disease detection, the areanormalization procedure should be performed for the analysis of the fluorescence data because this resulted in smaller spreads in the parameter distributions compared to non-normalized fluorescence data. The sources of the variations in the data will be discussed in further detail in the subsequent discussion of results for the validation of normal tissue discrimination.…”

Section: Model-based Parameter Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy

et al. 2008

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In order to evaluate the impact of anatomy on the spectral properties of oral tissue, we used reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize nine different anatomic sites. All spectra were collected in vivo from healthy oral mucosa. We analyzed 710 spectra collected from the oral cavity of 79 healthy volunteers. From the spectra, we extracted spectral parameters related to the morphological and biochemical properties of the tissue. The parameter distributions for the nine sites were compared, and we also related the parameters to the physical properties of the tissue site. k- Means cluster analysis was performed to identify sites or groups of sites that showed similar or distinct spectral properties. For the majority of the spectral parameters, certain sites or groups of sites exhibited distinct parameter distributions. Sites that are normally keratinized, most notably the hard palate and gingiva, were distinct from nonkeratinized sites for a number of parameters and frequently clustered together. The considerable degree of spectral contrast (differences in the spectral properties) between anatomic sites was also demonstrated by successfully discriminating between several pairs of sites using only two spectral parameters. We tested whether the 95% confidence interval for the distribution for each parameter, extracted from a subset of the tissue data could correctly characterize a second set of validation data. Excellent classification accuracy was demonstrated. Our results reveal that intrinsic differences in the anatomy of the oral cavity produce significant spectral contrasts between various sites, as reflected in the extracted spectral parameters. This work provides an important foundation for guiding the development of spectroscopic-based diagnostic algorithms for oral cancer.

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“…It is known that subsites in the oral cavity have distinct origins, and consequently distinct anatomical and molecular features. 29,30 Previous°uorescence 31 and re°ectance spectroscopy 32,33 studies have demonstrated de¯-nite spectral contrasts between di®erent subsites in healthy populations. Three major RS studies in thē nger-print and high wavenumber region have also demonstrated di®erences arising due to epithelial and sub-epithelial structures, submucosa and degree of keratinization in subsites of healthy subjects and suggested clustering of sites based on anatomical and spectral similarities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivosubsite classification and diagnosis of oral cancers using Raman spectroscopy

Sahu

Deshmukh

Hole

et al. 2016

J. Innov. Opt. Health Sci.

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Oral cancers su®er from poor disease-free survival rates due to delayed diagnosis. Noninvasive, rapid, objective approaches as adjuncts to visual inspection can help in better management of oral cancers. Raman spectroscopy (RS) has shown potential in identi¯cation of oral premalignant and malignant conditions and also in the detection of early cancer changes like cancer-¯eld-e®ects (CFE) at buccal mucosa subsite. Anatomic di®erences between di®erent oral subsites have also been reported using RS. In this study, anatomical di®erences between subsites and their possible in°uence on healthy vs pathological classi¯cation were evaluated on 85 oral cancer and 72 healthy subjects. Spectra were acquired from buccal mucosa, lip and tongue in healthy, contralateral (internal healthy control), premalignant and cancer conditions using¯ber-optic Raman spectrometer. Mean spectra indicate predominance of lipids in healthy buccal mucosa, contribution of both lipids and proteins in lip while major dominance of protein in tongue spectra. From healthy to tumor, changes in protein secondary-structure, DNA and heme-related features were observed. Principal component linear discriminant analysis (PC-LDA) followed by leave-one-out-crossvalidation (LOOCV) was used for data analysis. Findings indicate buccal mucosa and tongue are distinct entities, while lip misclassi¯es with both these subsites. Additionally, the diagnostic algorithm for individual subsites gave improved classi¯cation e±ciencies with respect to the pooled subsites model. However, as the pooled subsites model yielded 98% speci¯city and 100% sensitivity, this model may be more useful for preliminary screening applications. Large-scale validation studies are a pre-requisite before envisaging future clinical applications.

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Oral mucosal embryology and histology

Cited by 115 publications

References 53 publications

Epstein-Barr Virus Transcytosis through Polarized Oral Epithelial Cells

Epstein-Barr Virus Transcytosis through Polarized Oral Epithelial Cells

Model-based spectroscopic analysis of the oral cavity: impact of anatomy

In vivosubsite classification and diagnosis of oral cancers using Raman spectroscopy

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