Oral Microbiota from the Stomatology Perspective

Abstract

Besides the properties typical of body cavities, the oral cavity exhibits many differentiating features that allow it to occupy position of an autonomous functional and biological unit, a characteristic ecosystem. An appropriate homeostasis of oral biocenosis and balanced conditions for microorganisms concerning proportions of physiological and pathogenic or potentially pathogenic microbiota play an important role with regard to the oral cavity health and eventually the overall health of an individual. The oral cavity is a constantly changing habitat. The current market offers a number of relevant preparations supporting oral health, and alternative approaches serving these purposes are also available. Results of the studies that focused on microbiocenosis of the dental plaque and interactions between individual bacterial species indicate a probiotic potential of some oral bacteria and their prospective use in prevention of oral cavity diseases. This chapter deals with the state of physiological microbiota found in oral biofilms, with the most important infections of the oral cavity and the potential use of probiotics as a prospective alternative approach to prevention and therapy of oral cavity diseases.

An In Vitro Study of Different Types of Greek Honey as Potential Natural Antimicrobials against Dental Caries and Other Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms. Case Study Simulation of Oral Cavity Conditions

“…The antibacterial effectiveness of honey has been demonstrated in many studies [23][24][25][26][27]. The exact mechanism is not yet clear, although it is commonly attributed to (i) the high sugar content, which induces high osmolarity and inhibits bacterial growth, (ii) oxygen peroxide, which is produced by the activation of glucose oxidase and (iii) the low and acidic pH (usually 3.2-4.5) [6,7,22,26]. However, there is more to be said on the matter.…”

“…Various pathogens, such as Streptococcus mutans exhibit their action causing serious health and oral health problems such as dental caries, while Staphylococcus aureus is found in periodontal pockets and other inflammations of the oral mucosa finally resulting in loss of 2 of 25 teeth [7,8]. In addition, it has been clinically demonstrated that bacteria from oral cavity are transported to other locations in the body causing infections such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBS) or participating in the pathogenesis of diseases such as the cirrhotic liver or Alzheimer's disease, diabetes melitus, adverse pregnancy outcomes, obesity, and polycystic ovary syndrome [1].…”

“…The remaining small portion consists of more than 180 other compounds which include proteins, vitamins, minerals, phenols, and flavonoids. Most researchers agree that the exact composition of the different types of honey depends on their botanical, seasonal, and geographical sources [7,[18][19][20][21][22].…”

Experimental Study Regarding the Behavior at Different pH of Two Types of Co-Cr Alloys Used for Prosthetic Restorations

“…The oral cavity, which has specific individualized conditions, is characterized by its environment having a wide variety of pH, bacterial load, and/or temperature variation [ 7 ]. Temperature and pH are two significant factors that affect the electrochemical behavior of dental materials [ 8 ].…”

Isolation and identification of anaerobic organisms in dentoalveolar abscess: A descriptive study

“…The pathogenesis of Dentoalveolar abscess is polymicrobial in nature, comprising of various facultative anaerobes, such as the viridans group streptococci and the Streptococcus anginosus group, and strict anaerobes, especially anaerobic cocci, Prevotella and Fusobacterium species [2] . The presentation of bacterial infection of dental origin is constantly changing and is a measurable reflection of modern evolution of oral flora [3,4] . It has been suggested that, for the pathogenicity of strictly anaerobic gram-positive cocci the possession of a capsule (consisting of two, well characterised polysaccharides) a very important virulence factor of these bacteria [5] .…”