Oral manifestations of HIV patients in South Indian population

Abstract

Objectives:To study the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV-infected patients and to correlate oral manifestations with age, gender, severity, and clinical staging.Materials and Methods:Fifty patients of either sex diagnosed as HIV positive were included in the study. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using Fisher's exact test and Chi-square test.Results:Among the 50 HIV-infected patients, oral manifestations were found in 40 (80.0%) patients. Thirty (60%) patients were seen in the age range between 31 and 65 years, and 29 (58%) patients were females. Majority of the patients [26 (52%)] were in the clinical staging C, of whom 23 (88.5%) were with manifestations with significant statistical value (P < 0.05). Patients with CD4 count less than 200 had manifestations in 22 (88%) patients. Correlation between reduction in CD4 count and presence of manifestations was significant (P < 0.05). Twenty-eight (80%) patients without antiretroviral therapy (ART) reported with manifestations. Correlation between ART and presence of manifestations was not significant (P = 1.00).Interpretation and Conclusion:Oral manifestations are the indicators for the disease progression. Clinical stage C and lower CD4 count may be useful predictors for HIV, with greater prevalence of oral manifestations.

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on the prevalence of oral manifestation in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Karnataka, India

“…(2005). [ 2 4 10 11 12 13 ] Adebola et al . (2012) found at least one oral lesion in 21.0% cases and 43.8% with multiple oral lesions.…”

“…Other oral problems such as gingivitis, oral hairy leukoplakia, herpes zoster, herpis simplex, sqamous carcinoma, oral kopasi sarcoma, enlarged parotid gland, hodkin's lymphoma, xerostomia can be found in HIV patients in different degree, depends on severity and staging. [ 1 2 10 11 12 15 19 21 22 ] Nittayananta et al . (2009) observed greater risk of having orofacial pain, oral dryness in non-HAART group and significantly decreased unstimulated and stimulated saliva in HAART group as compared to non-HAART group.…”

Phytochemical Characterization of Terminalia catappa Linn. Extracts and Their antifungal Activities against Candida spp.

“…The increase number of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has stimulated research regarding Candida spp., which are opportunistic pathogens responsible for one of the most common oral diseases affecting immunosuppressed individuals, the oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) (Hamza et al, 2008; Moura et al, 2010; Annapurna et al, 2012). Though Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species as colonizer and pathogen of the oral mucosa, other Candida species, such as Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei , and Candida glabrata are recovered increasingly, mainly in HIV-infected individuals (Gugnani et al, 2003; Hamza et al, 2008; Patil et al, 2015).…”

Highly‐active antiretroviral therapy and oral opportunistic microorganisms in HIV‐positive individuals of Thailand

“…The close association of oral candidiasis/hairy leukoplakia and the progression of HIV into AIDS indicates that other mucosal lesions or microbiological changes do not occur frequently during the more quiet periods of HIV infection . Candidiasis was only found sporadically, and the presence of yeast was confirmed in only three cases.…”