Oral manifestation and salivary changes in renal patients undergoing hemodialysis

Abstract

BackgroundSalivary changes in hemodialysis patients may result in various oral manifestations. This research intended to determine oral manifestations and some salivary markers in hemodialysis patients.Material and MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 hemodialysis patients (the patient group) and 30 healthy individuals (the control group). Saliva urea and calcium levels and pH values of the participants were measured, and oral manifestations such as pale mucosa, xerostomia, halitosis, changes in the sense of taste, increased calculus formation, gingival bleeding, etc. were recorded in the information collection form. The data was analyzed using T-test and chi-square, and p<0.05 was considered to be significant.ResultsThe mean salivary urea level and pH value in the patient group were significantly higher compared to those of the control group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to salivary calcium. Halitosis, xerostomia, and increased calculus were the most prevalent manifestations, and gum bleeding was the least prevalent among the patients.ConclusionsAdvanced chronic renal insufficiency can increase salivary urea level, pH value, halitosis, xerostomia, and calculus formation, and may cause pale mucosa. Key words:Renal dialysis, biomarkers, oral manifestation, saliva.

Oral symptoms and oral health in patients with chronic kidney disease

“…Oral symptoms such as xerostomia, dygeusia, halitosis and burning of the mouth [12,19] are frequently reported by the CKD patient. In the present study, the prevalence of dysgeusia was high, corroborating with the literature [6,11,12,[20][21][22].…”

“…In the present study, the average fluid intake was low (816.89 + 694.26 ml / day) and a high percentage of individuals with xerostomia was observed, a similar finding in some studies [6,8,12,20,21], however diferent from other authors' conclusions [14,19,22]. The divergence of results between studies may be due to the different characteristics of the samples, including the number and types of drugs consumed, mean age, reduction of salivary flow, average fluid consumption, among other characteristics of the individuals studied.…”

“…Similar to the results of the present study several authors have stated that xerostomia is more frequent in patients undergoing hemodialysis than in healthy individuals [1,6,20,21,23,25]. Xerostomia in patients with CKD can be caused due to fluid intake restriction related to reduced renal capacity [1,25].…”

Differences in Dental Calculus Indices and Salivary Calcium and Phosphate Levels in Children With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis Therapy

“…Some studies have found reduced Ca levels in HD patients due to decreased levels of active vitamin D metabolites synthesized in the kidneys. The consequence is increased synthesis and secretion of the parathyroid hormone (secondary hyperparathyroidism), which causes low levels of Ca in the HD group [16]. The higher levels of Ca in PD patients may also be related to their higher dietary Ca intake and supplementation that they are recommended [17].…”

Urea and creatinine levels in saliva of patients with and without periodontitis

“…Patients on haemodialysis have higher salivary pH levels than do healthy controls. Moreover, haemodialysed patients have higher incidences of halitosis, xerostomia, calculus formation, and gum bleeding than healthy controls . The higher occurrence of gum bleeding in dialysed patients is a consequence of impaired haemostasis.…”