Oral Ketamine Preanesthetic Medication in Children

Gutstein, Howard B.; Johnson, Kate; Heard, Maurine B.; Gregory, George

doi:10.1097/00000542-199201000-00004

Cited by 175 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…18 However, oral premedication, even when palatable and of small volume, is frequently rejected by small children. 19 Further studies are necessary to determine the superiority of one route over the other.…”

Section: Figure 2 Grade Of Salivation (P < 005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal ketamine for paediatric premedication

et al. 1993

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Section: Figure 2 Grade Of Salivation (P < 005)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasal ketamine for paediatric premedication

et al. 1993

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“…Then on different doses of ketamine have been tried in pediatric oral premedication. 7,12 Administration of oral premedication in late half an hour or one hour prior to induction was shown to be effective and not associated with regurgitation or aspiration during induction. 4 Intravenous ketamine administered is well known to cause side effects like hallucination, increased oral secretion, nystagmus etc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is an anxiolytic and sedative agent with minimal side effects.Ketamine is a phencyclidine derivative which acts on the n-methyl d-aspartate receptors and causes central dissociation of the cerebral cortex while providing amnesia and analgesia and applied for premedication in different studies. 11,12 We conducted a prospective randomized control trail to know the efficacy of combination of small dose of ketamine 3 mg/kg with midazolam for premedication.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral premedication in children: A randomized study of a combination of oral midazolam, ketamine with atropine vs midazolam and atropine vs ketamine and atropine

Ramakrishna¹,

Kj²,

Bv³

et al. 2020

IJCA

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Introduction: Premedication is widely used in pediatric anesthesia in order to provide sedation and anxiolysis. Aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of combination of low dose oral midazolam and ketamine with oral midazolam or oral ketamine as premedication. Materials and Methods: 150 childrens between ages 2 and 10 were divided into 3 groups of 50 members each. They received either combination of oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and oral ketamine 3mg/kg or oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg or oral ketamine 6 mg /kg as pre medication. Premedication was given 30 minutes before the induction of anesthesia. Patients also received oral atropine 0.02mg/kg along with the study drug. Sedation and anxiolysis were assessed before giving premedication and at an interval of 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes after premedication. Behavior at separation from parents and acceptance or response to venipuncture was also assessed at the end of 30 minutes. Statistical analysis was performed using SSPE computer software version 16. Groups are compared using chi square tests. Result: We found that oral combination of midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and ketamine 3 mg/kg with atropine 0.02mg/kg offered better sedation [96% children], anxiolysis [76% children], acceptance of parentral separation [80% children] and comfortable venous cannulation [84% children]. We conclude that Combination of oral ketamine, midazolam and atropine is a superior premedicating agent than using these drugs individually

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“…Though oral ketamine premedication has been tried in children [17,18] but it has not gained popularity presumably due to bitter taste (therefore has to be mixed with cola drink with doubtful compliance), longer onset of action and larger doses required for adequate sedation, hence chances of increased salivary secretions and potential risk of laryngeal spasm. The response to venepuncture 'was favourable only in 50-67% of their cases with the highest dose of 6 mg/kg, compared to 100% with intramuscular ketamine of 4 mg/kg in current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premedication in Hyperirritable Children Using Subanaesthetic Doses of Intramuscular Ketamine

Khanduri

1999

Medical Journal Armed Forces India

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This study was conducted to highlight the role of intramuscular Ketamine in subanaesthetic doses as a premedicant in highly uncooperative children. Forty children between 1-7 years of age with the highest anxiety level as assessed pre-operatively, were divided into two equal groups. Children in group'A' received 2 mg/kg and those in group 'B' received 4 mg/kg of intramuscular ketamine, 10 min before induction of anaesthesia. The degree ofsedation was observed after 5 min and their response to separation from parents and response to venepuncture was assessed. They were also observed for their post-operative state. It was observed that the children in group 'B' had uniform and predictable sedation (100%) compared to 75% in group'A'. Response to separation and intravenous access in group 'B' was more favourable (100%) compared to 65% and 75% respectively in group 'A'. Induction and recovery were smooth in both the groups. No incidence of emergence delirium was recorded in any group. It is concluded that preanaesthetic medication and route of administration in infants and young children should be individualised based on their different anxiety levels. Intramuscular ketamine in subanaesthetic dose of 4 mglkg, is found to be an ideal premedicant in irritable and uncooperative group of paediatric patients. MJAFI 1999; 55 : 45-48.

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Oral Ketamine Preanesthetic Medication in Children

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Nasal ketamine for paediatric premedication

Nasal ketamine for paediatric premedication

Oral premedication in children: A randomized study of a combination of oral midazolam, ketamine with atropine vs midazolam and atropine vs ketamine and atropine

Premedication in Hyperirritable Children Using Subanaesthetic Doses of Intramuscular Ketamine

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