Oral iron supplementation for preventing or treating anaemia among children in malaria-endemic areas

Ojukwu, Juliana U; Okebe, Joseph; Yahav, Dafna; Paul, Mical

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd006589.pub2

Cited by 86 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…49 Screening for iron deficiency in resource-limited areas is indeed challenging, controversial, and may neither be needed nor practical. 44,[49][50][51] In a hyperendemic malaria region of Tanzania, over 800 infants were randomized to one of four groups-iron supplementation with anti-malarial, iron supplementation with placebo, placebo with anti-malarial, or placebo with placebo. Infants receiving iron had lower rates of severe anemia than their counterparts without an effect on acquisition of malaria, suggesting the protective efficacy of iron supplementation in preventing anemia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…53 A Cochrane review in 2009, which reviewed 68 trials (and over 40,000 children) concluded that iron supplementation did not increase the risk of malaria, unless malaria surveillance and treatment options were not provided to infected children. 50 Consequently, these researchers note that screening for IDA is not necessary in areas where malaria surveillance, prevention, and treatment programs are implemented. A subsequent Cochrane review in 2011 confirmed the earlier findings and found that while the risk of clinical malaria among children receiving iron supplementation was higher in regions without access to malaria surveillance and treatment, concluded that "when regular malaria surveillance and treatment services are provided" the risk of malaria is not increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009

Menon

Yoon

2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Anemia in children under 5 years of age, defined by the World Health Organization as a hemoglobin concentration < 11 g/dL, is a global public health problem. According to the 2006 Demographic Health Survey, the prevalence of anemia among children under five in Uganda was 72% in 2006. The 2009 Uganda Malaria Indicator Survey was conducted in late 2009 and revealed that over 60% of children less than 5 years of age were anemic and that over half of children tested positive for malaria via a rapid diagnostic test. Children with concomitant malaria infection, and in households without any type of mosquito net were more likely to be anemic, confirming that children under 5 years, are vulnerable to both the threat of malaria and anemia and the beneficial effect of malaria prevention tools. However, prevention and treatment of other factors associated with the etiology of anemia (e.g., iron deficiency) are likely necessary to combat the toll of anemia in Uganda.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009

Menon

Yoon

2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…However, prospective controlled human studies on the interaction between iron status and malaria have not yet been performed, but a Cochrane review on oral iron supplementation for anemia in children in malaria-endemic areas did not demonstrate any significant change in the prevalence of malaria in iron supplemented children [31].…”

Section: Iron Fortification Of Foodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia—still a major health problem in many parts of the world!

2011

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Anemia is a major global health problem, especially in developing countries. Still this fundamental health issue has not been solved but continues to exist affecting the health, quality of life and working capacity in billions of people all over the world. This paper gives a review on the prevalence and major causes of anemia seen on a global scale. Most cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency, which often work in symphony with folate deficiency and/or vitamin B 12 deficiency as well as with infections. More efforts should be dedicated to tackle this massive problem -we have the tools and we know the ways. Iron fortification of appropriate food items combined with iron supplements in specific population groups has proved to be efficient. Initially, the efforts should be centered on the specific risk groups for iron deficiency anemia, i.e. young children, adolescent females, women of reproductive age as well as pregnant women and postpartum lactating mothers.

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“…Of those, seven contained mortality data from at least five studies and were included. The interventions were oral iron supplementation for anemia, 13 rotavirus vaccination, 14 vitamin A supplementation, 10 chemoprophylaxis for malaria, 15 injected cholera vaccination, 16 insecticide-treated bed nets, 17 and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. 18 Results from the meta-analyses are shown in Figure 1B.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Mass Azithromycin Distribution on Childhood Mortality: Beliefs and Estimates of Efficacy

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O’Brien

Keenan

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A cluster-randomized trial demonstrated that mass oral azithromycin distribution reduced childhood mortality 49.6% (Trachoma Amelioration in Northern Amhara [TANA]). The relative risk of childhood mortality was then estimated using two approaches: an expert survey and a Bayesian analysis. The survey asked public health experts to estimate the true effect of mass azithromycin distribution on childhood mortality. The Bayesian estimation used the TANA study's results and prior estimates of the efficacy of other effective population-level interventions. The experts believed mass azithromycin reduces childhood mortality (relative risk = 0.83, 95% credible intervals [CrI] = 0.70-1.00). The Bayesian analysis estimated a relative risk of 0.71 (95% CrI = 0.39-0.93). Both estimates suggest that azithromycin may have a true mortality benefit, though of a smaller magnitude than found in the single available trial. Prior information about nonantibiotic, population-level interventions may have informed the expert's opinions. Additional trials are needed to confirm a mortality benefit from mass azithromycin.

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Oral iron supplementation for preventing or treating anaemia among children in malaria-endemic areas

Abstract: Iron does not increase the risk of clinical malaria or death, when regular malaria surveillance and treatment services are provided. There is no need to screen for anaemia prior to iron supplementation.

Cited by 86 publications

References 191 publications

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia Among Children Under 5 Years of Age—Uganda, 2009

Anemia—still a major health problem in many parts of the world!

The Effect of Mass Azithromycin Distribution on Childhood Mortality: Beliefs and Estimates of Efficacy

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