Oral Hygiene Status, Periodontal Status, and Periodontal Treatment Needs among Institutionalized Intellectually Disabled Subjects in Kolhapur District, Maharashtra, India

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine influence of intellectually disability (ID) on oral hygiene status (OHS), periodontal status (PS), and periodontal treatment needs (PTNs) and investigate the association of these clinical parameters with various sociodemographic and clinical variables among multicentric institutionalized ID subjects aged 5–55 years in Kolhapur district, Maharashtra, India. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by both questionnaire and clinical examination. OHS, PS, and PTNs of these subjects were assessed by recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs, respectively. Analysis of variance and multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Of the 576 subjects examined, the mean age of the subjects was 17.50 ± 7.4 years. Subjects with profound level of ID had the highest mean OHI-S, PS, and PTNs scores of 4.47 ± 1.04, 2.84 ± 0.78, and 2.25 ± 0.44, respectively, as compared with other ID groups (P<0.0001). The present study signified that ID subjects had poor OHS and PS with the highest PTNs and were influenced by age (P<0.0001), degree of ID (P<0.0001), SES, location, institution type, and parent’s level education. The present study underlines a considerable need for prevention and treatment of periodontal disease among ID subjects in India.

Oral Health Status of Institutionalized Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities in Lebanon

“…Unfortunately, our results and the literature suggest that in the majority of cases, the oral health care of this risky population is often lacking. At least two thirds of our sample brushed their teeth independently without receiving any assistance from their caretakers, a phenomenon which is in agreement with reports from several other previous studies reporting [23,26,32,36]. Although this may be a manifestation of non-cooperation by the disabled persons, it also reflects poorly on the level of awareness and/or motivation among parents and caretakers regarding the importance of oral hygiene and their role as caretakers in its maintenance.…”

Evaluation of periodontal status and treatment needs of institutionalized intellectually disabled individuals in Lebanon

“…Higher CPITN scores were associated with the adult than the adolescent sample, and increasing age was a significant predictor of CPITN score severity when all other background and behavioral factors were taken into account. This general increase in CPITN scores or in other indicators of periodontitis with increasing age has been similarly reported in earlier investigations[16171819] and may be due to the cumulative effects of calculus and the progressive nature of periodontal disease and the cumulative effects of periodontal breakdown over time. [20] Our results also support previous assessments of intellectual disabled populations reporting low prevalence of healthy periodontium and the predominance of bleeding and calculus.…”

“…[20] Our results also support previous assessments of intellectual disabled populations reporting low prevalence of healthy periodontium and the predominance of bleeding and calculus. [917212223] Comparison to other populations in the region is limited owing to the extreme scarcity of similar research, but the limited data available on children/adolescents supports our findings in 15-year-old children. In children with Down's syndrome in the United Arab Emirates, only 10% had a healthy periodontium, around one-quarter require comprehensive prophylaxis including scaling and root planning while around 50% required additional complex periodontal treatment.…”

“…[7173031] Our results highlight that the periodontal health of the institutionalized intellectual disabled individuals in Lebanon is also subject to significant socioeconomic inequalities regardless of all other background and behavioral characteristics assessed. Individuals who were cared for in institutions located in Mount Lebanon and Bekaa were likely to have significantly higher CPITN scores than those in all remaining governorates, those in Mount Lebanon in particular being the most vulnerable.…”

Assessment of oral health parameters among students attending special schools of Mangalore city

“…Lack of important data is a serious limitation for providing adequate treatment to the underprivileged. [ 17 ] The strength of the study lies in the fact that children were selected from five special schools in the same locality.…”