Oral health in South Africa

Wyk, P J van; Wyk, Candice Van

doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2004.tb00014.x

Cited by 76 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…While the exact extent of caries among this cohort was not noted, by the time children were referred for extractions, they presented with at least two carious teeth. Caries is prevalent among South African children and when the previous National Oral Health Survey was performed approximately 15 years ago caries among 6-year old South African children was 60.3% [34]. A survey conducted in 2006 among children from a nearby community to where the current study was performed, found the prevalence of early childhood caries among 4 and 5 year old children to be 55.8% and 53.4% respectively [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Histological Association Between Candida albicans from Oral Soft Tissue and Carious Dentine of HIV-Positive Children

Blignaut

Heerden

2015

Mycopathologia

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Abstractand caries are frequently investigated among healthy and immunosuppressed individuals. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the presence of on both oral soft and hard tissue and to investigate, at molecular level, the genetic subtype of the organism from the two oral sites. Tongue swabs and dentine scrapings from 362 HIV-positive children, referred for extraction of carious primary teeth, were cultured on CHROMagar and identified to species level with ID32C. Histological staining of extracted carious teeth was also done. In patients with positive cultures from both the tongue and carious dentine, DNA fingerprinting of such paired isolates were performed, using Southern blot hybridisation with the Ca3 probe. Yeasts were cultured from the tongue of 151 (41.7%) individuals and 57 (37.7%) simultaneously yielded positive cultures from carious dentine. Nine different yeast spp. were identified from the tongue using the ID32C commercial system but was the only species recovered from carious dentine and histological investigation demonstrated fungal elements penetrated into the dentine and not limited to superficial debris on the floor of the cavity. Twelve of 13 paired isolates of revealed identical fingerprinting patterns. The findings from this study demonstrated that in a particular individual, the same genetic subtype of was capable of colonizing both oral soft tissue and carious dentine. This renders carious teeth a constant source, or reservoir, of potentially infectious agents and, particularly among immunosuppressed individuals, should therefore not be left unattended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Histological Association Between Candida albicans from Oral Soft Tissue and Carious Dentine of HIV-Positive Children

Blignaut

Heerden

2015

Mycopathologia

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“…(13) Translations are usually required for the informed consent forms and patient information brochures, however English is acceptable for the clinical protocols, CRFs and Investigators Brochures.…”

Section: Language Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One in three men and 50% of all women are overweight. (13) Increasing urbanisation and resultant unhealthy lifestyles, lead to the appearance of various chronic diseases of lifestyle risk factors such as hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension and an increasing tobacco addiction.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular clinical trials in Africa: opportunities and challenges

Terblanche

2017

SAHJ

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clinical research and accordingly develop a strategic plan to this effect. (4,5) In order to be able to institute such a plan, it is essential that the various opportunities and challenges be recognised. ReseaRch agenda foR caRdiovasculaR disease in afRicaAfrica is a continent of great diversity. On the one end, it consists of extremely poor and remote rural regions with traditional existences, while on the other end, there are highly industrialised cities populated with people following an urban westernised lifestyle. As a result of this multi-ethnic population, different stages of the epidemiologic transition are evident across Africa.According to the literature, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy and tuberculous pericarditis are the major causes for heart disease in the African population. (6) This leads to a high mortality and morbidity in young people, crippling the economy by debilitating and killing the productive population of adults, and leaving an

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“…The seeds and kernels especially add essential nutrients to the diet, and are available when other foods are scarce [1]. The main staple foods in Mozambique are cassava, maize, beans, sorghum and rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of amino acids, fatty acids and dietary fibre monomers in kernels of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea

Magaia

Skog²

2017

AJFAND

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There is increasing demand for sources of energy and non-meat protein with balanced amino acid profiles worldwide. Nuts are rich in protein and essential amino acids, and have a high energy value due to their high fat content. Kernels from two wild fruits in Mozambique, Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea, were selected for this study to determine their amino acid and fatty acid composition, as well as the monomeric composition of their dietary fibre. The fat content in Adansonia digitata kernels was around 32% and in Sclerocarya birrea kernels 49%. Both kernels were rich in unsaturated fatty acids. The dominating fatty acids in Adansonia digitata kernels were palmitic, linoleic and oleic acid; varying from 25.7% to 34.9% of the total fatty acids content. In Sclerocarya birrea kernels the main fatty acid was oleic acid, 72.4%. The Adansonia digitata kernels contained the two essential fatty acids linoleic (around 30%) and linolenic acid (2%). Sclerocarya birrea kernels contained linoleic acid (around 7%). The protein content in Adansonia digitata kernels was 35% and in Sclerocarya birrea kernels 29%. Glutamic acid was the most abundant amino acid, comprising more than 20% of the protein in both kernels. The contents of essential amino acids in the kernels were compared with the requirements stated by the WHO, and the findings indicate that Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea kernels can provide good, cheap sources of protein, especially when combined with foods with high lysine content. Regarding the dietary fibre fractions, the main constituent in the insoluble fraction of Adansonia digitata kernels was glucose, while in the soluble fraction arabinose was the dominating component. In kernels of Sclerocarya birrea, uronic acids constituted more than 90% of both dietary fibre fractions. The results of this study suggest that intake of these kernels can help providing a great part of the fatty acids and amino acids required in the daily diet, especially for people living in rural areas of Mozambique. The data could be used for intake estimates, and to encourage increased consumption and utilization of these kernels.

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Oral health in South Africa

Cited by 76 publications

References 3 publications

Molecular and Histological Association Between Candida albicans from Oral Soft Tissue and Carious Dentine of HIV-Positive Children

Molecular and Histological Association Between Candida albicans from Oral Soft Tissue and Carious Dentine of HIV-Positive Children

Cardiovascular clinical trials in Africa: opportunities and challenges

Composition of amino acids, fatty acids and dietary fibre monomers in kernels of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea

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