Oral Health Behavior and Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults

Abstract

Inflammation has been strongly related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). Periodontal disease is the most common chronic infection in adults. We investigated a cross-sectional (n = 925) and 3-year longitudinal (n = 685) relationship between the daily frequency of toothbrushing and MetS. In the cross-sectional analysis, the prevalence of MetS was 15.7%. After adjustment for potential confounding factors (including all lifestyle factors), the odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) of having MetS in those who brushed 2 times/day and ≥ 3 times/day were 0.71 (0.48-1.05) and 0.47 (0.24-0.92), respectively, as compared with ratios in those with a toothbrushing frequency of ≤ 1 time/day. Increasing toothbrushing frequency tended to relate inversely to hypertriglyceridemia and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In the longitudinal analysis, 99 participants were newly diagnosed with MetS. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of the MetS in participants who brushed 2 times/day and ≥ 3 times/day as compared with participants who brushed ≤ 1 time/day were 0.80 (0.49-1.31) and 0.43 (0.19-0.97), respectively. The frequency of toothbrushing was related inversely only to hypertriglyceridemia, consistent with the cross-sectional analysis. This study found that more frequent toothbrushing is related to a lower prevalence and incidence of MetS. These results suggest that more frequent toothbrushing may contribute to the prevention of MetS due to the inflammation/triglyceride pathway.

Excessive Game Playing Is Associated with Poor Toothbrushing Behavior among Athletic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Miyagi, Japan

“…Longer screen-time increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) due to less physical activity and more sugar consumption (Marshall et al 2004;Rey-Lopez et al 2008;Salmon et al 2011;Tremblay et al 2012;Stamatakis et al 2013;Carson et al 2015). Lower toothbrushing frequency also increases the risk of CVD (Ahmed et al 2012;Kobayashi et al 2012). However, little is known about the negative impacts of screen time on oral health behavior.…”

“…Participants chose from the following five response options: "never," "less than once," "1 time per day," "twice per day," and "three or more times per day." Since twice a day is considered the most suitable frequency for children (Murtomaa 1979;Macgregor et al 1996;Kobayashi et al 2012;Elyasi et al 2015;McKay et al 2016), participants were categorized into two groups: higher toothbrushing frequency group (two or more times per day), and lower brushing frequency group (less than twice per day). In addition to toothbrushing frequency, the presence of dental caries was collected via a self-report questionnaire with the following question: "Do you have any dental caries?"…”

“…Therefore, to establish healthy oral conditions during childhood, it is important to consider other behaviors influencing the acquisition of appropriate toothbrushing habits. Previous studies reported that the effective frequency of toothbrushing for preventing dental caries was more than twice a day, which is generally performed prior to going out in the morning and before bedtime at night (Murtomaa 1979;Macgregor et al 1996;Kobayashi et al 2012;Elyasi et al 2015;McKay et al 2016). Excessive TV viewing, one of the major screen-time behaviors, is associated with a higher frequency of treatment for dental caries (Zeng et al 2014).…”

Oral health behaviors and bone mineral density in South Korea: the 2008–2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

“…In Asian studies, healthy oral health behaviors are also related to decreased cardiovascular risk factors [2] as well as metabolic syndrome [3,4], which is a precondition of cardiovascular diseases [5]. In contrast, healthy oral health behaviors are inversely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis, which is an inflammatory state of periodontal structures, including alveolar bone damage [6].…”

Influence of demographic determinants on the number of deaths caused by circulatory system diseases in comparison to the number of deaths caused by neoplasms in Slovak regions from 1996-2014

“…If the teeth are brushed irregularly, it can cause tooth decay and periodontal disease. Moreover, irregular brushing is associated with high levels of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome (4,5).…”