Oral health and the symptoms of schizophrenia

Arnaiz, A.; Zumárraga, Mercedes; Díez-Altuna, Izaskun; Uriarte, José Juan Uriarte; Moro, Juan Manuel; Pérez-Ansorena, Maria A.

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.09.012

Cited by 74 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Of these psychiatric cases, 2833 (56.7%) were male and 2193 (43.3%) were female. Six studies had data on control groups collected by the authors themselves with similar characteristics to the psychiatric cases other than the presence of psychological morbidity (Table 1) (21,41,42,44,48,50). There were 764 cases and 817 controls in these studies (total n = 1581).…”

Section: Study Inclusion and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Poor Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness

Kisely

Baghaie

Lalloo

et al. 2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

169

200

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Section: Study Inclusion and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Poor Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness

Kisely

Baghaie

Lalloo

et al. 2015

Psychosomatic Medicine

169

200

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“…In fact, decreased salivation is the oral adverse effect of such medications most frequently reported by patients and clinicians. Phenothiazines, atypical antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and antiparkinsonians drugs have been shown to cause salivary hypofunction and xerostomia in patients with schizophrenia [3, 6, 12, 22, 24]. Importantly, patients with schizophrenia who experience reduced salivary flow have an increased incidence of dental caries [26, 27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative symptoms and personality disorders of mental illness may be responsible for poor tooth brushing habits [11, 23, 24, 28]. Almost all patients with schizophrenia have large amounts of plaque and calculus and high bleeding indices [6, 9, 10, 13, 17, 18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental caries status of patients with schizophrenia in Seville, Spain: a case–control study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the dental status (DMFT) in patients with schizophrenia compared with a control group.MaterialIn this case–control study, 50 patients with schizophrenia attended in the Psychiatric Unit at the Virgen Macarena University Hospital of Seville were compared with 50 people (without systemic diseases and not taking psychotropic drugs) in a control group attended in the School of Dentistry of Seville. Decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) were assessed according to the World Health Organization WHO criteria.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia showed a decayed teeth (DT) score of 7.26 ± 5.69 compared with 6.50 ± 4.37 for patients the control group. These differences were significant and suggest that dental caries are most prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. People who smoked showed significantly higher DT scores in both groups. Among patients with schizophrenia, smokers scored 9.34 ± 5.42 compared with 4.38 ± 4.82 for non-smokers. Among the healthy controls, smokers scored 6.88 ± 4.85 compared with 6.12 ± 3.85 for non-smokers (p < 0.05). Patients with schizophrenia showed a missing teeth (MT) score of 9.10 ± 8.56 compared with 5.38 ± 5.14 in control patients. MT scores increased significantly with age and with smoking in both groups of patients (p < 0.05). Patients with schizophrenia showed a filled teeth (FT) score of 1.38 ± 2.70 compared with 2.34 ± 3.48 in control patients. FT differences in gender and smoking habits between patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects were statistically significant (p < 0.05). This data, along with the DT scores, suggests that patients with schizophrenia have extensive untreated dental disease.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia constitute a high risk population for dental health. This group showed a greater prevalence of decayed and missing teeth and more extensive treatment needs.

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“…Oral health, which is an integral part of the general health and contributes to self esteem and quality of life, may have a low priority among these patients who are, nevertheless, liable to get dental problems [4]. General self-neglect associated with mental illness, misconceptions, fear of treatment, worry about the cost of treatment, inability to access dental services, and the adverse effects of medications are among the most commonly cited barriers to dental care [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these studies have been published in specialty journals in the field of oral health [4] and have focused on institutionalized chronic patients (for example, [20][21][22]), although the majority of patients are now living outside hospital. Moreover, approaches have been mostly restricted to a clinical descriptive level using self-report questionnaires (for example, [5,23,24]) and/or clinical dental examinations (for example, [21,[25][26][27]), with main interest centered around merely counting the number of teeth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oral pathogen and psychopathology severity in a sample of Arab patients with schizophrenia

Fawzi¹,

El-Amin²,

Fawzi³

et al. 2011

Middle East Current Psychiatry

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BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia are known to have poor oral health and to die early from cardiovascular disease. It is also known that Porphyromonas gingivalis is a periodontopathogen, which is implicated in a number of systemic diseases, particularly cardiovascular disease. However, little, if any, is known about the prevalence and the quantity of this organism in the mouth of patients with schizophrenia. Aim To estimate the prevalence and quantity of P. gingivalis in saliva of patients with schizophrenia compared with nonpsychiatric controls and to correlate the quantity of P. gingivalis with the severity of psychopathology of schizophrenia. Methods Forty-three consecutive Arab attendees of the outpatient clinic of a psychiatric Hospital in Jeddah, with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale. They were compared with 43 nonpsychiatric controls, in terms of the prevalence and in terms of the quantity of P. gingivalis in their saliva. For this purpose, anerobic culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a TaqMan probe were used. Results In 82 (approximately 95%) participants, the real-time PCR results were matching those obtained with anerobic culture. Using real-time PCR, P. gingivalis was detected in 30 (approximately 70%) patients and in six (approximately 14%) controls (P = 0.000). The P. gingivalis median (range) number of copies in salivary samples of patients and controls were 5.6 Â 10 7 (0-2. 79 10 ) and 1.9 Â 10 5 (0-6.84 7 ), respectively (P = 0.002). In addition, the P. gingivalis levels were positively correlated with the scores on all the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale. Conclusion Real-time PCR, in keeping with the results of quantitative culture, showed that (i) there is a higher prevalence and quantity of P. gingivalis in saliva of a sample of Arab patients with schizophrenia compared with nonpsychiatric controls and (ii) that there is a positive correlation between quantity of P. gingivalis cells and the severity of psychopathology of schizophrenia. Hopefully, the results of this pilot study will encourage further research into the relationships between oral microbiota and schizophrenia. Real-time PCR, as demonstrated by this study, is a promising tool in this area. It is also hoped that some preventive dental programs will become an integral part of a comprehensive psychiatric management to meet the need of this vulnerable group of population.

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Oral health and the symptoms of schizophrenia

Cited by 74 publications

References 33 publications

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Poor Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Poor Oral Health and Severe Mental Illness

Dental caries status of patients with schizophrenia in Seville, Spain: a case–control study

An oral pathogen and psychopathology severity in a sample of Arab patients with schizophrenia

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