Oral health and risk factors for dental disease of <scp>A</scp>ustralian young people in custody

Haysom, Leigh; Indig, Devon; Byun, Roy; Moore, Elizabeth A.; Dolder, Paul van den

doi:10.1111/jpc.12761

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2,4 The confluence of each determinant provides a nexus for intractable social disadvantage and exclusion, and all increase risk for anhedonia and offending behaviours. 25,26 An additional and important factor contributing to over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in detention in Australia is the effect of intergenerational harms seeded at colonisation. [27][28][29][30] Incarceration and detention of any child or adolescent is a significant adverse determinant and traumatic to the individual and their family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of children and adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia

Mutch

Freeman

Kippin

et al. 2022

Journal of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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ObjectivesTo describe the comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of a representative sample of children and adolescents (young people) sentenced to detention in Western Australia (WA) and participating in the first Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) prevalence study. SettingsIndividuals with FASD have lifelong difficulties with memory, attention, communication, emotional reg-ulation and social skills with associated risk of engagement with juvenile justice. We found prevalence of FASD in 36% of young people sentenced to juvenile detention in WA. This paper describes the comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of all young people participating in this study. ParticipantsAll young people aged 10–17 years 11 months and sentenced to detention in WA were eligible. All assess-ments were completed by a multidisciplinary team comprising a speech and language pathologist, occupational therapist, neuropsychologist and a paediatrician. ResultsIn all, 103 young people completed the comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment, with maximum num-ber of males (93%) and Aboriginal Australians (73%). One in two participants reported someone close to them, or themselves, having experienced a frightening event with associated symptoms of post-traumatic stress. One-third (36%) of participants had experienced suicide of a family member. Half of the young people had one or no parent (53%), an incarcerated sibling (44%) or an incarcerated family member (57%). One-fifth of participants talked about experiences of emotional neglect (20%), physical neglect (19%), physical abuse (21%) and suicidal ideation (18%). More than half (60%) of participants were 1 year or more behind their school-year grade according to their chronological age, and 73% reported waking tired. Polysubstance use was common, including cigarettes (82%), marijuana (76%), alcohol (66%) and methamphetamine (36%). Almost two-thirds (64%) had abnormal neuromotor findings, 47% reported head injury without hospitalisation, 38% had prior musculoskeletal injuries, 29% had impaired motor skills and 15% had abnormal visual fields. ConclusionComprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of young people sentenced to detention in WA found signif-icant psychosocial and physical difficulties. The findings of multiple and serious impairments and health issues, through completion of comprehensive clinical paediatric and multidisciplinary health and neuro-developmental assessments for this study, support their routine provision to all young people on entry to systems of juvenile justice.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of children and adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia

Mutch

Freeman

Kippin

et al. 2022

Journal of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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“…The few available studies, which assessed the oral health among these individuals, showed a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases. 23 Moreover, in these adolescents a very poor oral health-related quality of life was detected, which is associated with untreated dental caries and discomfort in the teeth or mouth. 21 In addition to poor oral health and oral hygiene, halitosis is also associated with hyposalivation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this important knowledge, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has investigated the self‐perception of halitosis among this group of adolescents. The few available studies, which assessed the oral health among these individuals, showed a high prevalence of dental caries and periodontal diseases 23 . Moreover, in these adolescents a very poor oral health‐related quality of life was detected, which is associated with untreated dental caries and discomfort in the teeth or mouth 21…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated factors of self‐reported halitosis among institutionalized adolescents: Cross‐sectional study

Muniz

Moreno

Silviera

et al. 2022

Int J Dental Hygiene

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Objective To assess the prevalence and associated factors of self‐reported halitosis in institutionalized adolescents in a city in southern Brazil. Methods This cross‐sectional study involved male institutionalized adolescents, aged 15–19 years old, at the Socio‐Educational Assistance Center in the city of Passo Fundo, Brazil. Data collection was performed by a research team composed of two interviewers, two clinical examiners of oral health and two examiners of salivary flow. A structured questionnaire was applied, which included demographical, socioeconomical, general health behaviour, presence of health problems and oral health self‐perception variables. Decayed, Missing, Filled Index was used for the clinical examination. The salivary flow collection was performed using the mechanically stimulated total saliva method, in which only the liquid component was measured. Results The prevalence of self‐reported halitosis in this sample was 51.5% (n = 35). In the final multivariate analysis, halitosis was significantly associated with the non‐white racial group (prevalence ratio [RP]:1.703; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]:1.101–2.634), use of crack (RP:1.857; 95%CI:1.270–2.714) and number of decayed teeth (PR: 1.123; 95%CI:1.008–1.252). The use of alcohol and access to dental care in the last 12 months were not significantly associated with self‐reported halitosis. Conclusion It was concluded that non‐white and crack‐user youngsters had a high occurrence of self‐reported halitosis. Higher rates of dental caries are also associated with halitosis.

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“…51 Both reviews presented their findings as narrative summaries rather than meta-analyses due to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies. 50,51 The primary studies which included adult participants identified by the NHMRC review assessed caries 57,58 and tooth loss. [59][60][61][62] Additional adult studies included in the Canadian review assessed caries severity (DMFT/S), [63][64][65][66] caries prevalence, 67 tooth loss 68,69 and dental service use.…”

Section: Systematic Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fluoridated water on invasive NHS dental treatments for adults: the LOTUS retrospective cohort study and economic evaluation

Moore,

Nyakutsikwa,

Allen

et al. 2024

Public Health Research

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Background Most water fluoridation studies were conducted on children before the widespread introduction of fluoride toothpastes. There is a lack of evidence that can be applied to contemporary populations, particularly adolescents and adults. Objective To pragmatically assess the clinical and cost effectiveness of water fluoridation for preventing dental treatment and improving oral health in a contemporary population of adults, using a natural experiment design. Design Retrospective cohort study using routinely collected National Health Service dental claims (FP17) data. Setting National Health Service primary dental care: general dental practices, prisons, community dental services, domiciliary settings, urgent/out-of-hours and specialised referral-only services. Participants Dental patients aged 12 years and over living in England (n = 6,370,280). Intervention and comparison Individuals exposed to drinking water with a fluoride concentration ≥ 0.7 mg F/l between 2010 and 2020 were matched to non-exposed individuals on key characteristics using propensity scores. Outcome measures Primary: number of National Health Service invasive dental treatments (restorations/‘fillings’ and extractions) received per person between 2010 and 2020. Secondary: decayed, missing and filled teeth, missing teeth, inequalities, cost effectiveness and return on investment. Data sources National Health Service Business Services Authority dental claims data. Water quality monitoring data. Primary outcome Predicted mean number of invasive dental treatments was 3% lower in the optimally fluoridated group than in the sub/non-optimally fluoridated group (incidence rate ratio 0.969, 95% CI 0.967 to 0.971), a difference of −0.173 invasive dental treatments (95% CI −0.185 to −0.161). This magnitude of effect is smaller than what most stakeholders we engaged with (n = 50/54) considered meaningful. Secondary outcomes Mean decayed, missing and filled teeth were 2% lower in the optimally fluoridated group, with a difference of −0.212 decayed, missing and filled teeth (95% CI −0.229 to −0.194). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of missing teeth per person (0.006, 95% CI −0.008 to 0.021). There was no compelling evidence that water fluoridation reduced social inequalities in treatments received or missing teeth; however, decayed, missing and filled teeth data did not demonstrate a typical inequalities gradient. Optimal water fluoridation in England in 2010–20 was estimated to cost £10.30 per person (excluding original setup costs). Mean National Health Service treatment costs for fluoridated patients 2010–20 were 5.5% lower per person, by £22.26 (95% CI −£23.09 to −£21.43), and patients paid £7.64 less in National Health Service dental charges per person (2020 prices). Limitations Pragmatic, observational study with potential for non-differential errors of misclassification in fluoridation assignment and outcome measurement and residual and/or unmeasured confounding. Decayed, missing and filled teeth data have not been validated. Water fluoridation cost estimates are based on existing programmes between 2010 and 2020, and therefore do not include the potentially significant capital investment required for new programmes. Conclusions Receipt of optimal water fluoridation between 2010 and 2020 resulted in very small health effects, which may not be meaningful for individuals, and we could find no evidence of a reduction in social inequalities. Existing water fluoridation programmes in England produced a positive return on investment between 2010 and 2020 due to slightly lower National Health Service treatment costs. These relatively small savings should be evaluated against the projected costs and lifespan of any proposed capital investment in water fluoridation, including new programmes. Future work National Health Service dental data are a valuable resource for research. Further validation and measures to improve quality and completeness are warranted. Trial registrations This trial is registered as ISRCTN96479279, CAG: 20/CAG/0072, IRAS: 20/NE/0144. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme (NIHR award ref: NIHR128533) and is published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 12, No. 5. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

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Oral health and risk factors for dental disease of Australian young people in custody

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of children and adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia

Comprehensive clinical paediatric assessment of children and adolescents sentenced to detention in Western Australia

Prevalence and associated factors of self‐reported halitosis among institutionalized adolescents: Cross‐sectional study

Effect of fluoridated water on invasive NHS dental treatments for adults: the LOTUS retrospective cohort study and economic evaluation

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