Oral Health and Implant Therapy in Parkinson�s Patients: Review

Abstract

SUMMARYParkinson's Disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, second only to Alzheimer's disease. It is a progressive disease that inevitably leads the patient to death, in most cases for pneumonia ab ingestis. It affects 120 people out of 100,000 and more frequently affects men than women. The main symptoms are divided into motor, nonmotor and behavioral ones. The main motors symptoms are tremor, bradykinesia and postural instability. Non-motor symptoms include autonomic nervous dysfunction (orthostatic hypotension, cardiac arrhythmia, sexual dysfunction, excessive sweating due to hypothalamic dysfunction, constipation), insomnia, OSAS, and olfactory dysfunction. Behavioral symptoms are depression, dementia and psychosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, through a systematic review of literature, the oral health status of the Parkinson's patient compared with the general population with particular reference to the incidence of caries and periodontal disease, the patient's management during dental interventions and the possibility of rehabilitating the patient with implanted therapy.

A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks

“…More specifically, age-dependent changes include a reduction in periodontal support, loss of elastic fibers, and thickening and disorganization of collagen bundles in the connective tissue of the oral mucosa ( Belibasakis, 2018 ; Lamster et al, 2016 ; Wu et al, 2016b ). Severe dental health challenges can cause loss of self-esteem, social difficulties, while also being drivers of common diseases, such as AD, PD, diabetes, and hypertension ( Belibasakis, 2018 ; Bollero et al, 2017 ; Dominy et al, 2019 ; Lamster et al, 2016 ).…”

The effects of serotonin inhibitors on bone metabolism: literature review

“…SSRIs have a negative effect on mineral bone density and modifying trabecular cytoarchitecture. For this reason, a possible association between osseointegration and implant failure and SSRIs intake has been hypothesized [24][25][26][27]. Animal studies have shown that SSRIs have a negative effect on osteoblast differentiation in rats.…”

Sialorrhea and Xerostomia in Parkinson’s Disease Patients

“…The NILS sub analysis of drooling presence and frequency was based on the scores for question 19 of NMSS, at baseline and at follow-up. Regarding the presence of drooling, it was scored as either absent (score 0) or present (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12), and concerning the severity of drooling, scores were as follows: absent to mild (0-3), moderate (4-7), and severe (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The baseline prevalence of drooling (PD duration 5.6 years) increased from 37.2% to up to 40.1% at 3-year follow-up.…”

“…Dysfunction of mesolimbic pathways affects motivation for oral hygiene and lowers decision making regarding dental treatment. Although PD is generally considered as a primary movement disorder, the majority of patients suffer from non-motor symptoms that may be related to oral pathology ( 6 , 7 ). The aim of this mini review is to underline the importance of salivary symptoms in the management of PD patients in order to minimize poor health outcomes.…”