Oral (gavage), in utero and postnatal exposure of Sprague–Dawley rats to low doses of tributyltin chloride. Part 1: Toxicology, histopathology and clinical chemistry

Cooke, Gerard M.; Tryphonas, Helen; Pulido, Olga; Caldwell, Douglas R.; Bondy, Genevieve S.; Forsyth, Don

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2003.09.003

Cited by 60 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Our quantitative analysis of the number of gonocytes/unit area of the seminiferous tubules revealed a significant decrease only at a maternal dose of 10 mg/kg (days [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, both doses and exposure periods resulted in a reduction in the numbers of Sertoli cells, an effect which could potentially reduce sperm production in adulthood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immunotoxic effects of TBT include atrophy of the thymus and spleen, decreased T-lymphocyte populations, suppression of natural killer cell activity, and lowered resistance to infections in rats and mice [13][14][15]. TBT can also alter circulating levels of thyroid hormones suggesting that it can significantly alter many developmental processes that are thyroid-hormone dependant, including the reproductive system [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In utero exposure to tributyltin chloride differentially alters male and female fetal gonad morphology and gene expression profiles in the Sprague–Dawley rat

Kishta

Adeeko

et al. 2007

Reproductive Toxicology

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Tributyltin (TBT) is an environmental contaminant commonly used in anti-fouling agents for boats, as well as a by-product from several industrial processes. It has been shown to accumulate in organisms living in areas with heavy maritime traffic thereby entering the food chain. Here, we determined the consequences of in utero exposure to TBT on the developing fetal gonads in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Timed pregnant rats were gavaged either with vehicle or TBT (0.25, 2.5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) from days 0 to 19 or 8 to 19 of gestation. On gestational day 20, dams were sacrificed; fetal testes and ovaries were processed for light (LM) or electron microscopic (EM) evaluation and RNA was prepared for gene expression profiling. At the highest doses of TBT the number of Sertoli cells and gonocytes was reduced, there were large intracellular spaces between Sertoli cells and gonocytes and there was an increased abundance of lipid droplets in the Sertoli cells; EM studies revealed abnormally dilated endoplasmic reticulum in Sertoli cells and gonocytes. In the intertubular region between adjacent interstitial cells, immunostaining for the gap junctional protein connexin 43 was strong in controls, whereas it was reduced or completely absent in treated rats. In the ovaries, TBT (20 mg/kg, days 0-19; 10 mg/kg, days 8-19) reduced the number of germ cells by 44% and 46%, respectively. On examining gene expression profiles in the testis, 40 genes out of 1176 tested were upregulated more than two-fold over control. While no genes were upregulated in the TBT exposed fetal ovary, eight genes were downregulated. In conclusion, in utero exposure to TBT resulted in gender-specific alterations in gonadal development and gene expression profiles suggesting that there may be different adaptive changes to toxicity in developing male and female rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In utero exposure to tributyltin chloride differentially alters male and female fetal gonad morphology and gene expression profiles in the Sprague–Dawley rat

Kishta

Adeeko

et al. 2007

Reproductive Toxicology

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“…[18] Organotins efficiently penetrate through the skin and easily cross the placenta and blood-brain barrier. [64,65] …”

Section: Sources Of Animal/human Exposure To Organotin Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…[26,27] Organotins are probably absorbed to a limited extent by skin and gastrointestinal tract, and they easily cross the placenta and blood-brain barrier. [64,65,76] Elevation of blood sugar, sufficient to cause glycosuria, has occurred in some cases. [77] The phenyltin fungicides, such as Super Tin  /Duter  and Brestan  , are less toxic than ethyltin compounds, which have caused cerebral edema, neurological damage and death in severely poisoned individuals who were exposed dermally to a medicinal compound of this type.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[81] Furthermore, reduced birth weight and thymus involution, observed upon exposure of pregnant rats to organotin compounds, can be caused by excessive glucocorticoid levels. [64,65,82] The disruption of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11 β-HSD2) function by organotin compounds is responsible for the enhanced glucocorticoid concentrations. [83] The circulating cortisol levels remained elevated throughout adult life, indicating a permanently disturbed regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which leads to a higher susceptibility for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and typeII diabetes.…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxicity and the cardiovascular activity of organotin compounds: a review

Nath

2008

Applied Organom Chemis

122

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n‐Butylzinnverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2008]

2012

The MAK‐Collection for Occupational Health and Safety

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Veröffentlicht in der Reihe Gesundheitsschädliche Arbeitsstoffe , 44. Lieferung, Ausgabe 2008 Der Artikel enthält folgende Kapitel: Allgemeiner Wirkungscharakter Wirkungsmechanismus Toxikokinetik und Metabolismus Aufnahme, Verteilung, Ausscheidung Metabolismus Erfahrungen beim Menschen Einmalige Exposition Wiederholte Exposition Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Allergene Wirkung Tierexperimentelle Befunde und In‐vitro‐Untersuchungen Akute Toxizität Subakute, subchronische und chronische Toxizität Wirkung auf Haut und Schleimhäute Auge Allergene Wirkung Reproduktionstoxizität Genotoxizität Kanzerogenität Sonstige Wirkungen Bewertung

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Oral (gavage), in utero and postnatal exposure of Sprague–Dawley rats to low doses of tributyltin chloride. Part 1: Toxicology, histopathology and clinical chemistry

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

In utero exposure to tributyltin chloride differentially alters male and female fetal gonad morphology and gene expression profiles in the Sprague–Dawley rat

In utero exposure to tributyltin chloride differentially alters male and female fetal gonad morphology and gene expression profiles in the Sprague–Dawley rat

Toxicity and the cardiovascular activity of organotin compounds: a review

n‐Butylzinnverbindungen [MAK Value Documentation in German language, 2008]

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