Oral fluorescein angiography with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope

Oral fluorescein angiography with the scanning laser ophthalmoscope in diabetic retinopathy: a case controlled comparison with intravenous fluorescein angiography

“…The principle cause for the technique's poor performance was the high number of cases where macular leakage masked the underlying capillary details of the central macula (Figure 2). Our findings are contrary to those reported by Garcia et al, 6 who reported that although the percentage of the FAZ seen with oral angiography was less than that seen with intravenous angiography, the difference was not significant. This discrepancy can probably be explained by differences in the cohorts studied as most eyes examined in our study had macular oedema, whereas most eyes in the previous study did not.…”

“…The purpose of the current study was to evaluate how the technique of oral angiography with the SLO compares with the current 'gold standard', IVFFA with a fundus camera, in the investigation of sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. We, like Garcia et al, 6 found that the resolution of oral angiography with the SLO was, in most cases, equal to that of conventional intravenous angiography. The retinal circulation was best visualized after 30-40 min in most patients and this time delay was similar to that previously reported by the other group that has used gel capsules for the oral administration of fluorescein.…”

“…Oral angiography with SLO was first described by Garcia et al 6 In a study comparing the technique with conventional IVFFA, they concluded that the image obtained by oral angiography was of sufficient quality to diagnose and treat a variety of retinal pathologies. Although promising, the range of heterogeneous retinovascular disease examined in this study meant that the efficacy of the technique in investigating individual diseases remained unproven.…”

“…The system used to analyse and compare all angiograms was based on a modified version of that previously used by Garcia et al 6 Visualization of the FAZ was graded on a three-point grading system: grade 1, FAZ seen and intact; grade 2, FAZ seen but not intact; grade 3, not possible to judge FAZ on this angiogram. The resolution of the angiogram was graded according to the smallest order of branch retinal artery seen in the temporal arcades.…”

“…It has been demonstrated that this technique can produce images that are of sufficient quality to diagnose and treat many types of retinal pathology. 6 The aim of this study was to investigate whether oral fluorescein angiography with the SLO can produce angiograms that are of sufficient quality to investigate patients with sightthreatening diabetic retinopathy. We report the findings of a prospective study comparing oral fluorescein angiography using the SLO with intravenous fluorescein angiography using the conventional fundus camera, in patients with sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.…”