Oral Delivery of Biologics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been posed as a great worldwide health threat. Having an onset during early adulthood, IBD is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by remission and relapse. Due to its enigmatic etiology, no cure has been developed at the moment. Conventionally, steroids, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and immunosuppressants have been applied clinically to relieve patients’ syndrome which, unfavorably, causes severe adverse drug reactions including diarrhea, anemia, and glaucoma. Insufficient therapeutic effects also loom, and surgical resection is mandatory in half of the patients within 10 years after diagnosis. Biologics demonstrated unique and differentiative therapeutic mechanism which can alleviate the inflammation more effectively. However, their application in IBD has been hindered considering their stability and toxicity. Scientists have brought up with the concept of nanomedicine to achieve the targeted drug delivery of biologics for IBD. Here, we provide an overview of biologics for IBD treatment and we review existing formulation strategies for different biological categories including antibodies, gene therapy, and peptides. This review highlights the current trends in oral delivery of biologics with an emphasis on the important role of nanomedicine in the development of reliable methods for biologic delivery in IBD treatment.

Site-selective oral delivery of therapeutic antibodies to the inflamed colon via a folic acid-grafted organic/inorganic hybrid nanocomposite system

“…3 , FA-AC-based nanoparticles could concentrate, to a greater extent, in the area of inflammation than non-targeted nanoparticles. Furthermore, after the dissolution of Eudragit® S100 coating layer at pH above 7.0, positively charged nanoparticles (FA-AC-IFX) can interact with negatively charged colonic mucins, prolonging the residence time of nanoparticles in the inflamed tissues 67 . Second, after the colonic absorption, IFX can be released, to a certain extent, from nanoparticles in lamina propria and then the released IFX may interact with soluble and membrane TNF- α , contributing to the in vivo efficacy.…”

Using Drosophila melanogaster as a suitable platform for drug discovery from natural products in inflammatory bowel disease

“…At present, some immunosuppressants, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and steroids have been clinically used to alleviate patients’ syndromes. However, they have serious adverse reactions in patients, such as anemia, diarrhea, and glaucoma ( Zhang et al, 2021 ). Therefore, the development of effective and safer drugs for IBD treatment are urgently needed.…”

Zingerone‐encapsulated Solid Lipid Nanoparticles as Oral Drug‐delivery Systems to Potentially Target Inflammatory Diseases

“…In some examples, SLNPs were developed to enhance the absorption and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and deliver the drugs to GIT [8,9] . Additionally, SLNPs were used to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities to enable them for clinical development [10,11] . In general, the SLNPs have high drug loading with a tunable release rate and desired accumulation at the intestinal inflamed wall sites, which are essential to reduce drug systemic adverse.…”

“…[8,9] Additionally, SLNPs were used to enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities to enable them for clinical development. [10,11] In general, the SLNPs have high drug loading with a tunable release rate and desired accumulation at the intestinal inflamed wall sites, which are essential to reduce drug systemic adverse. Transferrin, a cationic protein, is overexpressed at the inflamed tissue, which renders a positive charge to inflamed tissue.…”