Oral Contraceptives, Hormone Replacement Therapy and Haemostasis

Migraine and Ischaemic Heart Disease and Stroke: Potential Mechanisms and Treatment Implications

“…Oral contraceptive pills increase both the likelihood of migraine (45), and also the risk of ischaemic stroke in migraineurs (10,11,15). Oral contraceptive pill use has been associated with increased levels of fibrinogen (46), the protein that binds activated platelets, and thereby may lead to a synergy of risk in migraineurs on OCP.…”

Stroke in a Chiropractic Patient Population

“…1]. Hypoplastic vertebral arteries have been indicated as a predisposing factor in posterior circulation strokes [4,5] especially in conditions of hypercoagulability states [5,6], which may be brought on by OC use [7].While manipulation has been indicated as one risk factor for stroke in the young [8], its presence alone should not overshadow other proven, classic, pathogenic mechanisms, but should be seen as a single factor that in combination with other slight-to-moderate risks, when distinguished, culminates in an ischemic event.In the cases of the two older men, since manipulation has been shown to not be associated with stroke in individuals older than 45 years [8], one could question why other proven risk factors that have been associated with carotid artery dissection such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cigarette smoking, and migraine [9] were not presented. It would appear extremely difficult to defend Jeret's case for chiropractic manipulation being the sole cause when in a histopathological study of 50 carotid artery dissections signs of mechanical damage to the artery could be observed in only a small percentage [10].…”