Oral contraceptives and arterial and venous thrombosis: A clinician’s formulation

Speroff, Leon

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(98)70293-5

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Despite such data that support a progestin‐associated prothrombotic effect, the biological mechanism to account for these findings is not known. Although it has been postulated that progestins might augment a prothrombotic effect of estrogen, due to conversion of progestins into estrogenic compounds [33,34], this process appears to be marginal and unlikely to be of clinical importance [35]. Furthermore, studies investigating the effect of HRT on coagulation parameters have not found differences in coagulation activation between estrogen‐progestin and estrogen‐only HRT preparations [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case–control study

Douketis

Julian

Kearon

et al. 2005

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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Summary. Background: Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with an increased risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), it is not clear if the risk differs in users of combined estrogen-progestin HRT and estrogen-only HRT. Methods: We prospectively studied postmenopausal women with suspected DVT in whom HRT use status was ascertained and who subsequently had objective diagnostic testing to confirm or exclude DVT. Cases were patients with idiopathic DVT, in whom there were no DVT risk factors, and controls were patients without DVT, in whom there were also no DVT risk factors. The risk of DVT was determined in users of estrogen-progestin HRT and estrogen-only HRT by comparing the prevalence of current HRT use in cases with idiopathic DVT and controls without DVT (reference group). Multivariable regression analysis was done to adjust for factors that might confound an association between HRT use and the risk of DVT. Results: One thousand one hundred and sixty-eight postmenopausal women with suspected DVT were assessed, from whom 95 cases of idiopathic DVT and 610 controls without DVT and no DVT risk factors were identified. Estrogen-only HRT was associated with an increased risk for DVT that was not statistically significant [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.22; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.57, 2.61]. Estrogenprogestin HRT was associated with a greater than 2-fold increased risk for DVT (OR ¼ 2.70; 95% CI 1.44, 5.07). Conclusion:The risk of developing DVT may be higher in users of combined estrogen-progestin HRT than in users of estrogen-only HRT.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case–control study

Douketis

Julian

Kearon

et al. 2005

Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis

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“…For example, oral contraception is a significant risk factor for thrombosis, associated by itself with a relative risk of 3 to 4 and with a relative risk of approximately 30 in women heterozygous for FV Leiden ( Table 2). 22 Women with gene defects, and especially those homozygous for FV Leiden or heterozygous for AT deficiency, have a high risk of developing thrombosis during pregnancy.…”

Section: Clinical Penetrance 420mentioning

confidence: 99%

Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Risk Factors and Laboratory Investigation

Alhenc‐Gelas

Aiach²,

P³

2001

Seminars in Vascular Medicine

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The etiology of venous thromboembolic disease has been the subject of several recent discoveries, particularly on genetic predisposing factors. The laboratory investigation that may help to evaluate the risk for individual patients includes the measurements of coagulation inhibitors (antithrombin, protein C, and protein S) in plasma assays, the search for the factor V Leiden mutation by the plasma activated protein C resistance test (always to be confirmed by DNA analysis when abnormal), and the search for the prothrombin gene mutation by DNA analysis. Among acquired abnormalities, the most frequently involved are phospholipid-dependent autoantibodies associated or not with a subset of antibodies having an anticoagulant effect in vitro (lupus anticoagulant). Other coagulation abnormalities such as increased FVIII, FIX, or FXI levels or hyperhomocysteinemia have been suggested to be risk factors for thrombosis, although additional studies are required to definitively assess their role.

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Contraception

Kim¹,

Whitaker²

2013

Pediatric Endocrinology

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Oral contraceptives and arterial and venous thrombosis: A clinician’s formulation

Cited by 13 publications

References 66 publications

Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case–control study

Does the type of hormone replacement therapy influence the risk of deep vein thrombosis? A prospective case–control study

Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Risk Factors and Laboratory Investigation

Contraception

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