Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020

Barańska, Agnieszka; Błaszczuk, Agata; Kanadys, Wiesław; Malm, Maria; Drop, Katarzyna; Polz‐Dacewicz, Małgorzata

doi:10.3390/cancers13225654

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Our second meta-analysis included 42 studies published between 2009 and 2020. It turned out that the use of OC statistically significantly increased the risk of BrCa: OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.31, p = 0.036 [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Barańska

Dolar-Szczasny

Kanadys

et al. 2022

Cancers

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We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on risk of breast cancer (BrCa) by status of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). We searched the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase and the Cochrane Library database and bibliographies of pertinent articles published up to 2020. Therein, we identified nineteen eligible case-control studies which provided data by breast cancer subtypes: ER-positive (ER+), ER-negative (ER−), HER2-positive (HER2+) and Triplet-negative (TN). Summary risk estimates (pooled OR [pOR]) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using fixed/random effects models. The summary meta-analysis showed that over-use of OCs led to significant increased risk of TNBrCa (OR = 1.37, 95% CI; 1.13 to 1.67, p = 0.002), as well as of ER−BrCa (OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.40, p = 0.019). There was also a significant reduction in the risk of ER+BrCa (OR = O.92, 95% CI: 0.86 to 0.99, p = 0.026,) and a slight reduction in the risk of HER2+BrCa (OR = 0.95, 95% CI; 0.79 to 1.14, p = 0.561) after taking OCs. Meta-analysis indicated that OC use has different impacts on risk of breast cancer subtypes defined by receptor status. The identified differences between individual subtypes of breast cancer may reflect different mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) taking and the risk of breast cancer has also been extensively researched. Findings suggest that OC use is associated with a moderately increased breast cancer risk in the general population [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Barańska

Dolar-Szczasny

Kanadys

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition. The incidence, clinical features, and prognosis of breast cancer vary markedly based on ethnicity and race [ 23 ]. Breast cancer is linked to reproductive factors, such as early menarche before the age of 12 years, late menopause after the age of 55 years, nulliparity, late age at first birth, miscarriages before the first full-term pregnancy, infertility, and hormone use, according to several epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Gynecological Cancers in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Pathophysiology of Association

Shetty¹,

Rizvi²,

Sharaf³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder increasingly affecting women in the reproductive age group. The women usually present with menstruation irregularities, hirsutism, weight gain, and acne. There has been ongoing research about the increased risk of gynecological cancers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared to those without it. This review aimed to understand the risk of gynecological cancers, endometrial, ovarian, and breast cancer in PCOS, and to study in detail the underlying mechanisms involved. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies and selected 10 articles from a total of 19,388 relevant articles. We found an increased risk of endometrial cancer in women with PCOS whereas the risk of ovarian and breast cancer was not increased. A recent study has even reported a reduced risk of ovarian cancer in genetically predicted PCOS. In understanding various medical conditions possibly leading to cancer in these women we found that hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinemia, unopposed estrogen action, chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia were major contributors. There is a need for more large-scale cohort studies which will take into consideration other factors leading to cancers in women with PCOS, such as smoking, alcohol, and family history, to substantiate the significance of these associations further. The interventions used to treat PCOS might also affect the risk of cancer and require further probing. This review is an attempt to analyze the risk of cancers of the reproductive system in females with PCOS in coherence with understanding the mechanisms leading to the respective cancers.Categories: Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Oncology Keywords: pathophysiology of cancer in pcos, pcos and cancer risk, pcos and vulval cancer, pcos and cervical cancer, pcos and breast cancer, pcos and endometrial cancer, pcos and ovarian cancer, polycystic ovarian syndrome and gynecological cancers, gynecological cancers, pcos

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“…NSAIDs can lead to organ damage via the build-up of oxidative stress species, while oral contraceptive pill users have an increased risk of breast cancer, as reported in recent literature. 12 , 13 Furthermore, some patients fail to respond to NSAIDs, and hormonal therapy is contraindicated in some cases; therefore, limited treatment options are available. 14 The search for an alternative treatment with few side effects, especially for long-term use, is still ongoing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of probiotics in improving menstrual health in women with primary dysmenorrhoea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the PERIOD study)

Zakaria,

Mohammed Zain,

Teik

et al. 2024

Womens Health (Lond Engl)

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Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is associated with poorer quality of life; however, the causal mechanism remains unclear. A vast body of literature supports the use of oral probiotics for relief from the symptoms of endometriosis; however, to our knowledge, no study has prescribed probiotics for primary dysmenorrhea. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 3-month supplementation with oral probiotics on quality of life and inflammatory markers in women with primary dysmenorrhea. Design: Randomized placebo-controlled trial. Methods: A total of 72 patients (36 patients in each arm) were randomized to receive either oral sachets containing 5 billion colony-forming units each of Lactobacillus acidophilus BCMC (BCrobes Microbial Cells) 12130, Lactobacillus casei subsp BCMC 12313, Lactobacillus lactis BCMC 12451, Bifidobacterium bifidum BCMC 02290, Bifidobacterium longum BCMC 02120, and Bifidobacterium infantis BCMC 02129 each or placebo twice daily for 3 months. Main outcome measures were visual analog scale, verbal rating scale, physical and mental health scores using Short-Form 12-Item version 2 questionnaire, frequency of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and changes in inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) before and after treatment. Results: There was no significant difference in the quality of life scores between the probiotic and placebo groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in pain (visual analog scale) and severity (verbal rating scale) scores but the probiotic group had much lower nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use (odds ratio: 0.69, 95% confidence interval: 0.26–1.83) and better mental health scores (mean change: 6.5, p = 0.03 versus 6.1, p = 0.08) than the placebo group. There was a significant confounding effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use on quality of life scores. No significant difference was found in inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: Tested oral probiotics improved mental health and potentially reduced the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; however, there was no significant change in inflammatory markers. Further research with a larger sample size is needed to confirm the findings. Registration: This study is registered under ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04119011).

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Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020

Cited by 24 publications

References 73 publications

Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk According to Molecular Subtypes Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Risk of Gynecological Cancers in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Pathophysiology of Association

The role of probiotics in improving menstrual health in women with primary dysmenorrhoea: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (the PERIOD study)

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