Oral Contraceptive Use and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix

Ursin, Giske; Peters, Ruth; Henderson, Brian E.; d'Ablaing, Gerrit; Monroe, Kristine R.; Pike, Malcolm C.

doi:10.1097/00006254-199505000-00025

Cited by 28 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…[18,44,45] More women who had used oral contraceptive pills 18 (25.0%) had a greater prevalence of cervical dysplasia and atypical smear than those who had never used oral contraceptive pills 29 (20.6%). This support the documentation that long-term use (for 12 years or more) of oral contraceptive predisposes a woman to cervical dysplasia [46] though this was found not to be statistically significant. Ursin et al in 1994 found adenocarcinoma to be twice as common in women who used oral contraceptives than those who did not use it.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Ursin et al in 1994 found adenocarcinoma to be twice as common in women who used oral contraceptives than those who did not use it. [46] Brinton in 1990 indicated that the use of oral contraceptives and the duration of their use appear to increase the risk and subsequent development of cervical dysplasia and cancer. [47] However, study done in New Zealand showed that confounding factors such as cigarette smoking and sexual behavior were responsible for cervical dysplasia, as analysis revealed no evidence of increased risk to cervical dysplasia when these factors were taken into account.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of cervical dysplasia and associated risk factors among women presenting at a primary care clinic in Nigeria

Mosuro¹,

Ajayi²,

Akin-Tunde³

et al. 2015

J Basic Clin Reprod Sci

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Cervical cancer is a global burden, with increasing incidence and mortality especially in developing countries where there are no clearly define national protocols or guidelines for effective screening and prompt treatment of cervical dysplasia (precancerous condition of the cervix). Most screening facilities are located in the tertiary hospitals, which are mostly not readily accessible to patients because of fear and bureaucracy of accessing services at these tertiary hospitals. In Nigeria, cervical cancer is the second most common female malignancy after breast cancer and national guidelines on effective screening is not readily available. At the general outpatients' Clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, screening is not well-established and patients are referred to the gynecology clinic for papanicolaou (Pap) smear, which result in poor compliance as a result of the protocol involved. Aim: To asess the prevalence and risk factors for abnormal cervical cancer screening amongst patients of the Primary Care Clinic at UCH, Ibadan, towards justifying expansion of cervical cancer screening service points in tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study using the self-administered structured questionnaire on questions relating to the socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle behavior including sexual history, after which Pap smear and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid were performed. Two hundred and eighty consented women aged 20-65 years were interviewed by one of the researchers between June and August 2012 using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The questionnaire sought information on their sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle behavior including sexual history, after which Pap smear and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid were done, respectively, for all the respondents at no cost. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 11. Cross-tabulation was used to explore statistical associations between categorical variables. Variables were summarized using frequency distribution, means, proportions, and findings were presented in tables, histograms and pie charts. Chi-square statistic was used to assess the association between categorical variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Result: The mean age of the women was 42.5 (11.1) years, and their modal age was 30-39 years. The majority, 92.2% (258/280) of the women were Yoruba. Two hundred and twenty-eight (81.4%) of the women were married with majority 149 (65.4%) in the monogamous union. Two hundred and thirteen (76.1%) of the women had abnormal cervical cytology. One hundred and sixty-six (77.9%) of the women with abnormal cytology had inflammatory smears, 33 (15.5%) and 6 (2.8%) had mild and moderate dysplasia, respectively, while the remaining 8 (3.8%) had atypical cells. The prevalence of cervical dysplasia among all the women was 13.9% (39/280), with mild dysplasia acc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cervical dysplasia and associated risk factors among women presenting at a primary care clinic in Nigeria

Mosuro¹,

Ajayi²,

Akin-Tunde³

et al. 2015

J Basic Clin Reprod Sci

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“…These authors found that BMI and an increased WHR were positively associated with adenocarcinoma but not squamous cancers (OR, 2.1 for BMI Ն30 kg/m 2 compared with Ͻ25 kg/m 2 ; OR, 1.8 for highest WHR tertile compared with lowest) (81). The role of a hormonal agent in increased cervical cancer adenocarcinoma incidence is also indirectly supported by several studies that have demonstrated an increased risk for these cancers in women using birth control pills (82,84). In comparing women with squamous cell cancers with women with cervical adenocarcinoma, the data have been mixed as to whether the adenocarcinoma group was heavier than their squamous cancer counterparts (85)(86)(87)(88).…”

Section: Cervical Cancermentioning

confidence: 91%

The Impact of Obesity on the Incidence and Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers: A Review

Modesitt¹,

Nagell²

2005

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey

137

100

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“…For hip fracture women living in their own house or in the house of a relative, the comparison woman was selected from a house, but not a nursing home or hospital, located near the place of residence of the hip fracture woman. Because of the difficulty of using population registers as sources for constituting a comparison group in Belgium, the 'nearest neighbourhood' method was used [5][6][7]: starting from the residence of the hip fracture woman, a direction was chosen at random. Then, in that direction, a comparison woman meeting the age criterion was searched for by a door-to-door exploration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs Induced by Hip Fractures: A Prospective Controlled Study in Belgium

Autier

Haentjens

Bentin³

et al. 2000

Osteoporosis International

134

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The economic burden of hip fractures is thought to be important, but the excess medical costs they induce remain largely unknown. We assessed the direct medical costs induced by hip fractures during and after hospitalization. Hospital costs of 170 consecutive Belgian women with hip fracture were gathered. During the year following discharge, all medical costs were collected for the 159 hip fracture women who survived the acute hospitalization stay. A similar collection of data was performed on a comparison group of 159 age-and residence-matched women without a history of hip fracture. The mean cost of the acute hospital stay was 8,667 Belgian francs and the mean 1-year hip-fracture-related extra costs after hospitalization was 6,636 Belgian francs. During the year following the acute hospital stay, 19% of the hip fracture women and 4% of the comparison women were newly admitted to nursing homes (p<0.001). Although health care costs increased with age, hip-fracture-related extra costs after hospitalization seemed similar in those below or above 81 years old. These extra costs amounted to 7,710 Belgian francs in women not living in nursing homes at the time of fracture, and to 3,479 Belgian francs in women who lived in nursing homes. Health or mental status before hip fracture seemed not to affect extra costs. Taking into account the higher mortality of women with hip fracture, the extra costs during the acute hospital stay and during the 1-year follow-up amounted to a mean 15,151 Belgian francs. In conclusion, both acute hospital stays and subsequent medical care contribute significantly to medical costs induced by hip fractures.

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Oral Contraceptive Use and Adenocarcinoma of Cervix

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of cervical dysplasia and associated risk factors among women presenting at a primary care clinic in Nigeria

Prevalence of cervical dysplasia and associated risk factors among women presenting at a primary care clinic in Nigeria

The Impact of Obesity on the Incidence and Treatment of Gynecologic Cancers: A Review

Costs Induced by Hip Fractures: A Prospective Controlled Study in Belgium

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