Oral Carriage of
            <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>
            Harboring the
            <i>cnm</i>
            Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds

Hosoki, Satoshi; Saitô, Satoshi; Tonomura, Shuichi; Ishiyama, Hiroyuki; Yoshimoto, Takeshi; Ikeda, Shuhei; Ikenouchi, Hajime; Yamamoto, Yorihiro; Hattori, Yorito; Miwa, Kaori; Friedland, Robert P.; Carare, Roxana O.; Nakahara, Jin; Suzuki, Norihiro; Koga, Masatoshi; Toyoda, Kazunori; Nomura, Ryota; Nakano, Kazuhiko; Takegami, Misa; Ihara, Masafumi

doi:10.1161/strokeaha.120.029607

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…Streptococcus mutans is the main cause of dental caries, and the association between cnm-positive S. mutans and cerebral hemorrhage, including CMBs, has also been reported [6,7,27]. Epidemiological studies' findings have shown that cnm-positive S. mutans strains were present in approximately 10%-20% of Japanese, Finnish, and Thai subjects [24,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Hosoki et al revealed that cnm ‐positive S . mutans was associated with an increased incidence of CMBs, particularly deep CMBs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a cohort study of stroke patients, Tonomura et al [6] reported that intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) were associated with cnm-positive S. mutans. Moreover, Hosoki et al revealed that cnm-positive S. mutans was associated with an increased incidence of CMBs, particularly deep CMBs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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cnm‐Positive Streptococcus mutans and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities in acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Shiga

Aoki

Hosomi

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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Background Strains of Streptococcus mutans expressing the cell surface collagen‐binding protein, Cnm, encoded by cnm (cnm‐positive S. mutans), are associated with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the occurrence of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs). Small diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) hyperintensities in patients with acute ICH are also associated with CMBs. However, the association between cnm‐positive S. mutans and DWI hyperintensities is unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between cnm‐positive S. mutans and DWI hyperintensities in patients with acute ICH. Methods Patients with acute ICH were prospectively registered at three hospitals. Dental plaque specimens were collected within 4 days after admission, and cnm‐positive S. mutans was detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Magnetic resonance imaging at 14 ± 5 days after admission was used to evaluate DWI hyperintensities and CMBs. Results A total of 197 patients were enrolled in this study. cnm‐positive S. mutans was detected in 30 patients (15.2%), and DWI hyperintensities were observed in 56 patients (28.4%). Patients with cnm‐positive S. mutans had a higher frequency of DWI hyperintensities (50.0% vs 24.6%; p = 0.008) and a higher number of CMBs (5.5 vs 1.5; p < 0.001) than those without cnm‐positive S. mutans. Multivariable logistic analysis revealed that the presence of cnm‐positive S. mutans was independently associated with DWI hyperintensities (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.01–5.61; p = 0.047) after adjusting for several confounding factors. Conclusion This study found an association between the presence of cnm‐positive S. mutans and DWI hyperintensities in patients with acute ICH.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Hosoki et al revealed that cnm ‐positive S . mutans was associated with an increased incidence of CMBs, particularly deep CMBs [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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cnm‐Positive Streptococcus mutans and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities in acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Shiga

Aoki

Hosomi

et al. 2021

Euro J of Neurology

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“…Cnm was shown to mediate invasion of epithelial and oral cell lines and binding to collagenous and laminin-rich substrates present in oral (dentin, cementum and roots) and extra-oral environments (heart valves) (27,(31)(32)(33). Cnm and Cbm were shown to be important virulence factors implicated in systemic infections such as infective endocarditis, cerebral microbleeds and hemorrhagic stroke (34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Moreover, clinical studies have linked oral infection with CBP + S. mutans strains with increased caries risk and poor caries outcomes (23,27,39,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted June 10, 2021. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.09.447825 doi: bioRxiv preprint 6 33). Cnm and Cbm were shown to be important virulence factors implicated in systemic infections such as infective endocarditis, cerebral microbleeds and hemorrhagic stroke (34)(35)(36)(37)(38). Moreover, clinical studies have linked oral infection with CBP + S. mutans strains with increased caries risk and poor caries outcomes (23,27,39,40).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amyloid aggregation of Streptococcus mutans Cnm influences its collagen-binding activity

Cologna

Samaddar²,

Valle

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The glycosylated collagen- and laminin-binding surface adhesin Cnm is present in approximately 20% of S. mutans clinical isolates and is associated with systemic infections and increased caries risk. Other surface-associated collagen-binding proteins of S. mutans such as P1 and WapA have been demonstrated to form an amyloid quaternary structure with functional implications within biofilms. In silico analysis predicted that the b-sheet rich N-terminal collagen-binding domain (CBD) of Cnm has propensity for amyloid aggregation, whereas the threonine-rich C-terminal domain was predicted to be disorganized. In this study, thioflavin-T fluorescence and electron microscopy were used to show that Cnm forms amyloids either in its native glycosylated or recombinant non-glycosylated forms and that the CBD of Cnm is the main amyloidogenic unit of Cnm. We then performed a series of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays to characterize the amylogenic properties of Cnm. In addition, Congo red birefringence indicated that Cnm is a major amyloidogenic protein of S. mutans biofilms. Competitive binding assays using collagen-coated microtiter plates and dental roots, a substrate rich in collagen, revealed that Cnm monomers inhibit S. mutans binding to collagenous substrates whereas Cnm amyloid aggregates lose this property. Thus, while Cnm contributes to recognition and initial binding of S. mutans to collagen-rich surfaces, Cnm amyloid aggregation appears to represent a mechanism to modulate this activity in mature biofilms.

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Bactericidal activity of slightly acidic electrolyzed water against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and other oral bacteria

Nishihama,

Miyata,

et al. 2024

Oral Science International

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IntroductionSlightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) is sterilizing agent produced by the electrolysis of hydrochloric acid. Because SAEW has been applied to various foods as the disinfectant, SAEW is expected to be used in the medical field. In this study, we evaluated the bactericidal effect of SAEW on various oral bacteria.MethodologyThe bactericidal activity of SAEW against cariogenic bacteria, periodontopathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria was evaluated.ResultsWe first examined the effect of SAEW on Streptococcus mutans UA159 with different reaction time or the number of bacterial cells. SAEW showed complete bactericidal activity against up to 107 cells within 1 min and even 10 s. Against cariogenic bacteria, periodontopathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, we evaluated the bactericidal effect of SAEW against 10 S. mutans clinical isolates, three periodontopathogenic bacteria, and 18 cephalosporin‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria, and we found complete killing against all bacteria. Various dilutions (25%, 50%, and 75%) of SAEW by water still showed complete bactericidal activity, while dilutions by artificial saliva lost the bactericidal activity significantly, with 23.3% bactericidal activity even by 75% SAEW. Storage of SAEW for 7 days at room temperature still showed complete killing activity.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that SAEW has a high antibacterial effect on oral bacteria, indicating the possibility of clinical use in the dental field such as disinfection of dental devices and oral care.

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Oral Carriage of Streptococcus mutans Harboring the cnm Gene Relates to an Increased Incidence of Cerebral Microbleeds

Cited by 32 publications

References 44 publications

cnm‐Positive Streptococcus mutans and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities in acute intracerebral hemorrhage

cnm‐Positive Streptococcus mutans and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities in acute intracerebral hemorrhage

Amyloid aggregation of Streptococcus mutans Cnm influences its collagen-binding activity

Bactericidal activity of slightly acidic electrolyzed water against the cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans and other oral bacteria

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