Oral candidiasis

Akpan, A; Morgan, Rosemary

doi:10.1136/pmj.78.922.455

Cited by 585 publications

(655 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The oils also efficiently inhibited the growth of Candida spp., which is crucial since C. tropicalis, C. krusei and C. glabrata proved to be involved in the disease course and together with C. albicans represent more than 80% of human cavity clinical isolates (Akpan and Morgan, 2002). Hence, the present results support traditional use of thyme herb against various infections; therefore, the bioactive properties could be easily attributed to its essential oil.…”

Section: Antimicrobial Activitysupporting

confidence: 48%

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils

Nikolić

Glamočlija

Ferreira³

et al. 2014

Industrial Crops and Products

307

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Aromatic plant species of genus Thymus are important medicinal plants, highly recommended due to a range of therapeutic properties of their essential oil (thyme oil): antirheumatic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antimicrobial, cardiac, carminative, diuretic and expectorant. Oil is also beneficial in boosting the immune system, and helps to fight colds, flu, infectious diseases and chills. It is proved to be a urinary antiseptic, being very helpful for cystitis and urethritis. Scientific validation of traditional uses, and phytochemical and bioactivity evaluation of essential oils from Thymus serpyllum, Thymus algeriensis and Thymus vulgaris was performed. GC/MS analysis revealed thymol as major component of T. algeriensis, T. vulgaris and T.serpyllum, with a contribution of 56.02%, 48.92% and 38.50%, respectively. The three essential oils (EOs) exhibited a significant antimicrobial activity against all the tested strains, T. serpyllum oil being the most potent (MIC 2.5-5 µg/mL, MBC 5-10 µg/mL; MIC 1-2 µg/mL, MFC 2-4 µg/mL). In addition, T. serpyllum oil revealed the highest antioxidant activity in all the assays and was also the most effective one against all the tested cell lines, presenting GI 50 values of 7.02-52.69 µg/mL. Moreover, the EOs did not show any toxicity, at the tested concentrations (<400 µg/mL), for porcine liver primary cell culture. In addition to their traditional use in food and cosmetics, the great potential of the tested Thymus essential oils for application in oral disease and anticancer treatments, encourage further investigation.

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Section: Antimicrobial Activitysupporting

confidence: 48%

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils

Nikolić

Glamočlija

Ferreira³

et al. 2014

Industrial Crops and Products

307

160

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“…In healthy patients, oral candidiasis primarily leads to local discomfort such as altered taste sensation, but in immuno-compromised patients, the local infection may enter the bloodstream and develop into a potentially systemic life-threatening infection [6]. The main treatments for oral candidiasis are nystatin mouthwashes or miconazole oral gels [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Occurrence of Oral Candidiasis: A Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis

2013

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Objectives The primary aim of the study was to gain insight into the relative risk of clinically relevant oral candidiasis following inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) initiation over time. A secondary aim was to analyse the influence of patient characteristics and co-medication on the occurrence of this adverse effect. Methods Drug prescription data from 1994 to 2011 were retrieved from the IADB.nl database. To study the influence of ICS use on occurrence of oral candidiasis, a prescription symmetry analysis was used, including patients using medication for oral candidiasis up to 1 year before or after ICS initiation. The relative risk was calculated by dividing the number of patients receiving medication for oral candidiasis after ICS initiation by the number of patients receiving the same medication before ICS initiation. Sub-analyses were conducted to compare the relative risks at several time points after ICS initiation and to account for therapy persistence by only including chronic users of ICS. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify predictive factors. Results A total of 52,279 incident users of ICS therapy were identified, of which 1,081 received medication for oral candidiasis up to 1 year before or after ICS initiation. A total of 701 patients received medication for oral candidiasis after ICS initiation, while 361 received these medications in the reversed sequence, resulting in a sequence ratio (SR) of 1.94 (95 % CI 1.71-2.21). In the first 3 months after ICS initiation, the SR was 2.72 (95 % CI 2.19-3.38) and then decreased to 1.47 (95 % CI 1.11-1.95) 9-12 months after ICS initiation. Predictive factors were higher daily dose of ICS and concomitant use of oral corticosteroids. Conclusions This study found a significant and clinically relevant increased number of patients receiving medication for oral candidiasis in the first year after therapy initiation with ICS. Relative risk is highest in the first 3 months, but remains increased up to at least 1 year after ICS initiation. This study stresses the need for patient education and inhalation instruction.

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“…This is because these drugs may cause less intestinal irritation and other side effects. However, one of the limitations of using topical formulations of nystatin is high sucrose content, which may reduce the amount of practice in diabetes, steroid use, or an immunocompromised state [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, still, only 15 agents are approved for clinical use at present [6], [7]. The most common human fungal infection is oral candidiasis (also called oral thrush), which is characterized by an overgrowth of Candida species in the superficial epithelium of the oral mucosa [8], [9]. Treatment for oral thrush varies, polyenes, allylamines, and azoles are three classes of antifungal agents that used most frequently for treatments of oral thrush [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Antifungal Drug Prescribing to Treat Oral Thrush in Sulaimani City-Iraq

Rsaul

2018

UHD J SCI TECH

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Oral thrush or oral candidosis is one of the most widespread fungal infections of the mucous membranes in human. This study aims to evaluate the pattern of prescribing of three antifungal drugs: nystatin, amphotericin B, fluconazole, and miconazole by the pharmacists and assistant pharmacists, which are used to treat oral thrush. A questionnaire was circulated to a random selection of pharmacies in Sulaimani city of Iraq between March 2017 and June 2017 and responses to were received from 101 pharmacies. The results were analyzed and the responses demonstrated as absolute and relative frequencies using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Program (SPSS) version 21. Among the participants (65.3%) were males and (34.7%) were females. The participant's age range was (20 – 70) years. The majority (52.3%) holds a postgraduate degree as their highest educational level and they graduated after 2010. Miconazole and nystatin were the most popular choices of an antifungal agent that pharmacists would use, followed by fluconazole and amphotericin-B. The possibility of using miconazole was positively linked to recently graduated participants.

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Oral candidiasis

Cited by 585 publications

References 53 publications

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils

Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils

Inhaled Corticosteroids and the Occurrence of Oral Candidiasis: A Prescription Sequence Symmetry Analysis

Current Antifungal Drug Prescribing to Treat Oral Thrush in Sulaimani City-Iraq

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