Oral Candidiasis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Antifungals, Phytotherapy,
Probiotics, and Photodynamic Therapy

Contaldo, María; Stasio, Dario Di; Romano, Antonio; Fiori, Fausto; Vella, Fedora Della; Rupe, Cosimo; Lajolo, Carlo; Petruzzi, Massimo; Serpico, Rosario; Lucchese, Alberta

doi:10.2174/1567201819666220418104042

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…A large percentage of professionals (98.7%) believe that it is a priority to include this practice to complement health services, with the aim of reducing the resistance and side effects produced by the drugs. These investigations show the importance of the use of phytotherapy; the idea is to advance studies and standardize protocols for the use and management of these active components through experimental studies [ 88 , 101 , 102 , 103 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is necessary to mention that although there have been several research works, it is important to go deeper into the subject in order to determine the active compounds and their efficacy against typical pharmacological treatments. Another important factor is the planning and execution of regulated and standardized protocols for the practice, with respect to the type of active component, concentration, and period of use [ 102 , 103 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phytotherapy: A Solution to Decrease Antifungal Resistance in the Dental Field

et al. 2022

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The pathologies produced by fungi in the oral cavity in recent decades have become a health problem, with factors such as an imbalance of the local microbiota being the cause for their propagation. Conventional antifungal treatments, instead of being beneficial, have generated alterations that have led to antifungal resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate and describe phytotherapy resources as a possible solution to oral antifungal resistance. A bibliographic search was carried out on platforms such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google scholar. A total of 248 scientific articles were obtained, of which 108 met the inclusion criteria. Microorganisms of fungal origin currently show resistance to the different antifungals of conventional use, which is undoubtedly altering the oral health of human beings, but there are new therapeutic possibilities such as the active principles of various natural species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotherapy: A Solution to Decrease Antifungal Resistance in the Dental Field

et al. 2022

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“…Systemic therapy has been recommended for DS in cases where topical medications are ineffective, such as in individuals who need special care or in patients with systemic comorbidities, such as diabetes or immunosuppression [ 54 , 61 ]. Systemic antifungal drugs that have undergone the most extensive research and are the most effective are fluconazole and itraconazole [ 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)—A Narrative Review

Abuhajar

Ali

Zulfiqar

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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One of the most common oral diseases affecting people wearing dentures is chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis (DS). The aim of the paper is to provide an update on the pathogenesis, presentation, and management of DS in general dental practice settings. A comprehensive review of the literature published in the last ten years was undertaken using multiple databases, including PubMed via MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus. The eligible articles were analyzed to identify evidence-based strategies for the management of DS. Despite its multifactorial nature, the leading cause of DS is the development of oral Candida albicans biofilm, which is facilitated by poor oral and denture hygiene, long-term denture wear, ill-fitting dentures, and the porosity of the acrylic resin in the dentures. DS affects between 17 and 75% of the population wearing dentures, with a slight predominance in elderly females. The mucosal denture surfaces and posterior tongue are the common sites of DS, and the affected areas exhibit erythema, the swelling of the palatal mucosa and edema. Oral and denture hygiene protocols, adjusting or re-fabricating poorly adapting dentures, smoking cessation, avoiding nocturnal denture wear, and the administration of topical or systemic antifungals are the mainstay of management. Alternate treatments such as microwave disinfection, phytomedicine, photodynamic therapy, and incorporation of antifungals and nanoparticles into denture resins are being evaluated for the treatment of DS but require further evidence before routine use in clinical practice. In summary, DS is the most common oral inflammatory lesion experienced by denture wearers. Most patients with DS can be managed in general dental practice settings. Effective management by general dental practitioners may be supported by a thorough understanding of the pathogenesis, the recognition of the clinical presentation, and an awareness of contemporary treatment strategies.

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“…Furthermore, further researches are needed to identify more clearly the inhibitory effect of probiotics on Candida spp. in the oral cavity (31,32).…”

Section: Opportunistic Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral infections in oral cancer survivors: A mini-review

Pispero

Lombardi²,

Manfrēdi³

et al. 2022

Front. Oral. Health

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The oral cancer survivors are a group of special individuals whose disease affect anatomical structures with a key role in identity and communication and a fundamental role in basic human functions such as speaking, eating, swallowing and breathing. Thus, quality of life of these individuals can be impaired by the consequences of disease and treatments, in particular surgery and radiotherapy. Among others, infectious conditions of any nature, bacterial, viral, fungal, are a frequent finding among oral cancer survivors. In fact, the peculiar systemic and local conditions of these subjects are known to significantly modify the microbiota, which, besides facilitating opportunistic infections, can affect the cancer microenvironment, as well as alter the effects of the anti-cancer therapies. Similarly, mouth infections can also affect the prognosis of oral cancer survivors. Among the opportunistic infections, fungal are the most common infections affecting these subjects, since neutropenia resulting from cancer, as well as chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy treatments, promote the shift from the carrier state of Candida species, to pathogen state. Treatment of oral candidiasis can be difficult in oral cancer survivors, and good evidence supports clotrimazole as the most effective for prevention, and fluconazole as the one with the best risk-benefit profile. Probiotics, although promising, need better evidence to be considered an effective treatment or preventive measure.

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Oral Candidiasis and Novel Therapeutic Strategies: Antifungals, Phytotherapy, Probiotics, and Photodynamic Therapy

Cited by 15 publications

References 133 publications

Phytotherapy: A Solution to Decrease Antifungal Resistance in the Dental Field

Phytotherapy: A Solution to Decrease Antifungal Resistance in the Dental Field

Management of Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis (Denture Stomatitis)—A Narrative Review

Oral infections in oral cancer survivors: A mini-review

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