Oral cancer awareness at chemist’s and herbalist’s shops: New targets for educational interventions to prevent diagnostic delay

Pi, Varela-Centelles; Pedrosa, Rodrigo Pinto; López-Niño, Javier; Sanchez, Miriam M.; González-Mosquera, Antonio; Mendez, Adrian; Seoane, Juan

doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2012.06.008

Cited by 7 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Out of the 1107 papers in the original search and two added due to quoting the 2006 review, 148 papers met the criteria . Extraction of relevant papers from those found by the search strategy was done jointly by two researchers (IB and PN) and independently by a third researcher (AA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Björnsdóttir

Granås

Bradley

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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Objectives Simulated patient (SP) methodology (mystery shopping) is used increasingly to assess quality of pharmacy services, and evaluate impact of interventions. Our objective was to review papers reporting on the use of SP methodology in pharmacy practice research 2006-2016 in community pharmacies worldwide. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE for papers reporting on the use of mystery shopping in pharmacy settings, using a wide range of terms for SPs, based on previous review. We removed irrelevant papers, duplicates, papers not written in English, and review papers and reviewed remaining papers. Two reviewers carried out data abstraction, using the same tool as the previous review and inserting data into Excel, focusing on how the SP methodology is used. Key findings A total of 148 papers from 52 countries from all regions of the world were included in the review. A wide range of terms described the method, and simulated patient was the most common (49 papers). Most studies were cross-sectional (124), and most investigated only community pharmacies (115). The most common aim was to evaluate some aspect of pharmacists' or other staff's advice and counselling (94). Number of visits is 2-7785. Many papers did not cover details, such as number of visits planned, and carried out, scenario used, training and background of SPs, and ethical approval for the study. Conclusions The use of SP methodology has increased substantially in the field of pharmacy over the past decade. This is a useful method in a wide range of countries and settings. Greater detail is required in reporting.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

Björnsdóttir

Granås

Bradley

et al. 2019

International Journal of Pharmacy Practice

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“…Oral cancer as a major health problem comprises over 90% of the malignancies in oral and maxillofacial region. (1,2) The risk of oral cancer is higher in those aged more than 65 years, black males and chronic alcohol and tobacco users. (1) World Health Organization (WHO) has reported oral cancer as the sixth most common cancer in males after lung, prostrate, colorectal, stomach, and bladder cancer while in females it is the tenth most common cancer after breast, colorectal, lung, stomach, uterus, cervix, ovary, bladder, and liver cancer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1,4) Fortunately, early diagnosis may increase the rate of survival by more than 80%. (1,2) Nevertheless, many patients are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease when the survival rate is poor (50-60% 5 years post-treatment). Two important factors that cause late stage diagnosis are patients delay and professional delay.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(7) The other factor that plays a significant role in late stage diagnosis is the use of alternative remedies before seeking professional healthcare advice. (2) Complementary and alternative medicine have attracted great attention during the last few decades. (10) Despite the fact that in many countries educational training is not necessary in order to own an herbalist's shop, many people consider herbalists as expert health counselors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An investigation on How Community Pharmacies and Herbalist’s Shops manage patients with probable Oral Cancer

Rabiei

Yousefbeyk

Ghasemi

et al. 2016

J Res Dentomaxillofac Sci

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Background and Aim: Oral cancer is a serious health problem, mainly in cases with late diagnosis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of community pharmacists, community pharmacy assistants and herbalists in late stage diagnosis of oral cancer. Methods and Materials: A cross-sectional study by the standardized simulated patient approach was undertaken to investigate the recommendation given to a potential cancer patient at pharmacies and herbalists' shops in Rasht, Iran. The introductory statement was "My father is 63 years old and he is a smoker who has a painful ulceration on his tongue for about 6 months which wasn't painful at first but is painful now. What would be your recommendation? "All the responses were noted and transferred to data sheets. The recommendations were analyzed separately and then grouped. Recommended therapies and their administrations were also recorded. Results: The results showed that 73% of community pharmacies referred patients to primary medical care systems. Community pharmacists and community pharmacy assistants had closely equal roles (74.3% and 72.5%, respectively). Contrariwise, only 7.1% of herbalists referred patients with oral ulcers to a physician or a dentist. Almost 10% of the pharmacies recommended OTC drugs only and 11% prescribed medications combined with referral to a medical or dental practitioner for consultation. In reverse, 78.6% of herbalists recommended an OTC remedy and none of them advised patients to visit a GP or dentist accompanied by prescribing an herbal remedy. Conclusion: Herbalists have a potential role in diagnostic delay in patients with oral cancer.

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“…A study in the US identified only one-third of pharmacists appropriately referred patients presenting with a nonhealing ulcer to dentists/doctors, whereas two-thirds recommended purchase of an over the counter product (Leonard, Isetts, & Leonard, 1996). More recently, studies in the UK and Spain reported higher rates of referral with up to 82% of pharmacist referring a nonhealing mouth ulcer (Evans & Gibbons, 2005;Varela-Centelles et al, 2012). A UK study has shown that pharmacist training for the detection of potentially malignant oral lesions effectively improves referral rates (Rogers, Lowe, Catleugh, & Edwards, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigating the management of potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth ulcers in Australian community pharmacies

Rensburg

Freeman

Ford³

et al. 2018

Health Soc Care Community

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We sought to examine the management and referral of nonhealing mouth ulcer presentations in Australian community pharmacies in the Greater Brisbane region. Trained simulated patients visited 220 randomly selected community pharmacies within the Greater Brisbane region in 2016. Simulated patients enacted two nonhealing (>1 month) mouth ulcer scenarios: A direct product request (DPR) (n = 110) and a symptom‐based request (SBR) (n = 110). Results were documented and evaluated against Australian national pharmacy practice standards. Referral rates for pharmacy staff (pharmacist, pharmacy assistant or mixed—pharmacist and assistant) were also assessed. Australian pharmacy practice standards recommend staff ask six key questions during SBR and DPR consultations to enable informed decision‐making. Two questions relating to identifying the patient and their symptoms were asked in the majority of interactions (76% and 69% respectively); the remaining four questions relating to symptom duration, treatments tried, other medications, and medical conditions were enquired in only 32%, 53%, 31%, and 27% of interactions, respectively. Simulated patients were referred to the doctor/dentist in only 11.8% of all interactions (both scenarios requiring referral). Overall, staff handling of nonhealing mouth ulcer consultations was suboptimal compared to national professional standards. In particular, duration of the nonhealing mouth ulcer was enquired in less than one‐third of consultations potentially resulting in low referral rates by staff. This study identifies the need for increased oral cancer awareness and education for community pharmacy staff and reinforcing the importance of practising according to professional standards to effectively screen for potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth lesions.

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Oral cancer awareness at chemist’s and herbalist’s shops: New targets for educational interventions to prevent diagnostic delay

Cited by 7 publications

References 40 publications

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

A systematic review of the use of simulated patient methodology in pharmacy practice research from 2006 to 2016

An investigation on How Community Pharmacies and Herbalist’s Shops manage patients with probable Oral Cancer

Investigating the management of potentially cancerous nonhealing mouth ulcers in Australian community pharmacies

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