patients can be diagnosed with Crohn' s disease (CD) of the pouch. 6 In this review, we discuss the diagnosis and prognosis of pouchitis, risk factors for pouchitis development, and treatment options for pouchitis, including the newer biological agents. CLINICAL COURSE AND DIAGNOSIS OF POUCHITIS Pouchitis is classified as acute or chronic pouchitis. 7 Acute pouchitis is defined as symptoms lasting less than 4 weeks and responding to 2-week courses of antibiotics. Chronic pouchitis is defined as having symptoms lasting longer than 4 weeks despite standard antibiotic courses and requiring chronic antibiotics or anti-inflammatory therapy. 3 Approximately 10% to 15% of patients with acute pouchitis develop chronic pouchitis which has subgroups such as antibiotic-dependent and antibiotic-refractory pouchitis. 7,8 The diagnosis of pouchitis is based on the combined assessment of symptoms, endoscopic, and histologic findings.