Oral Antibiotics Attenuate Bowel Segment Reversal–Induced Systemic Inflammatory Response and Body Weight Loss in Massively Bowel‐Resected Rats

Abstract

Our results suggest that oral antibiotics may be used as an adjuvant to attenuate the inflammatory responses and to enhance the anabolic responses in massively bowel-resected patients with bowel segment reversal.

Oral Antibiotics Attenuate Bowel Segment Reversal–Induced Alterations in Subpopulation and Function of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes, Thymocytes, and Splenocytes in Massive Bowel‐Resected Rats

“…Our previous study showed that small bowel segment reversal stimulates jejunal hyperplasia but may increase the possibility of bacterial translocation, which induces the inflammatory responses. 14,24 Other studies indicated that bacterial translocation significantly depressed the mitogenic response of systemic lymphocytes 5,25 and elevated the intestinal immune response. 6,9 In this study, we observed that bowel segment reversal significantly decreased subpopulation distribution of suppressor-and immature-T cells, increased numbers of NK cells (NKR-P1A+CD3-), that is, cells mainly driven from the spleen to destroy the viral-or bacterial-infected cells in the circulation, 15 and elevated ratio of helper-and suppressor-T cells in peripheral blood.…”

“…13 Also, when orally administered with antibiotics such as clindamycin and amoxicillin, the segment reversal-induced body weight loss and systemic inflammatory responses were significantly attenuated in rats with massive bowel resection. 14 It has been reported that animals and patients with massive bowel resection have elevated proinflammatory cytokines in the circulation, such as tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6; declined expression of T-helper (Th) 1 cytokines in intraepithelial lymphocytes, such as IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ; and impaired proliferation response in T-cells. 1,15 Rats with massive bowel resection also had preserved humoral immunity and redistributed lymphocyte subsets.…”

“…16 We previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of oral antibiotics on attenuating body weight loss, systemic inflammatory responses, and bacterial overgrowth in the intestine. 14 In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of long-term, low-dose, and combined antibiotics in eliminating intestinal bacterial overgrowth may provide a better chance to preserve nutrition status and mucosal barrier and to further improve immune function. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oral antibiotics on cell proliferation, cytokine production, and subpopulation distribution of the immunocytes in the peripheral blood, spleen, and thymus in massive bowel-resected rats with bowel segment reversal.…”

“…The surgical procedures were as described in previous studies. 13,14,17 In brief, 70% of small bowel, which was from 3 cm distal to the ligament of Treitz to 6 cm proximal to the cecum, was resected and removed after the mesenteric vessels were ligated with 5-0 silk sutures. To perform the reversal, a 3-cm small intestine, which was 3 cm distal to the resected segment, was reversed, and then 2 end-to-end anastomotic sutures constructed the remaining jejunum and ileum.…”

Review article: insights into the bile acid‐gut microbiota axis in intestinal failure‐associated liver disease—redefining the treatment approach

“…Some microbial modifiers—antibiotics and probiotics—fail to balance gut adaption and liver health when treating IFALD. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics successfully ameliorated liver inflammation and steatosis in SBS animals, 142 but reduced gut adaption 142,143 . Probiotics and prebiotics (Table 2) improved gut adaption and gut barrier function in SBS animals and patients in most studies 144‐153 with several showed no significant improvement 154,155 ; but many probiotics used in these studies encode bsh genes, such as Lactobacillus johnsonii and Bifidobacterium breve .…”