Oral and oropharyngeal cancer mortality in Brazil, 1983–2017: Age–period–cohort analysis

Abstract

Aim:To estimate the effect of age, period, and birth cohort on mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil.Methods: Deaths due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer from 1983 to 2017 were analyzed. The effect of age, period, and cohort was calculated using the Poisson regression model. Results:Between 1983 and 2017, 142,634 deaths were recorded from oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil, 54% from oropharyngeal cancer. The male sex contributed to 81% of the deaths. The average mortality rate for men was 4.5 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, and for women, it was 0.9 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants.There was a strong effect of age on mortality rates from oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The risk increases from 40 years of age in men and 55 years of age in women. An overall period effect was observed. The 2000 period showed the greatest risk when compared to the 1985 period in men. In women, the period of highest risk was 2010.The cohorts born between 1958 and 1962 had a higher risk of death. Conclusions:The period effect is mainly attributed to mortality from oropharyngeal cancer. Most significant values regarding the effect on the cohort groups were observed in female mortality from oral cancer.

Influence of Sociodemographic Factors, and the Coverage and Offer of Health Services on Mortality Due to Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer in Brazil: A 20-year Analysis

“…[29,30] The APC analysis identi ed the cohort effect on mortality due to oral and oropharyngeal cancer in both sexes, but an age effect was observed only in males. Perea et al [31] conducted a similar analysis in the Brazilian population, with death data from 1983-2017; however, they identi ed that the risk of mortality increased from 40 years of age in men, which differs from this study, in which this increase was observed in men aged over 57 years. These same authors identi ed an age effect on mortality in the female population, with an increased risk of mortality from 55 years, [31] which also differs from the ndings reported here.…”

“…Perea et al [31] conducted a similar analysis in the Brazilian population, with death data from 1983-2017; however, they identi ed that the risk of mortality increased from 40 years of age in men, which differs from this study, in which this increase was observed in men aged over 57 years. These same authors identi ed an age effect on mortality in the female population, with an increased risk of mortality from 55 years, [31] which also differs from the ndings reported here. However, as expected for a chronic disease, in both studies, mortality rates increased with age.…”

“…These authors provide as justi cation for their ndings the exposure of women to smoking in more recent decades, as well as the exposure to HPV, mainly due to its relationship with oropharyngeal cancer. [31] Regarding the sex differences found in this study, the survival rate in men was signi cantly lower than that in women, as had already been identi ed in other countries [4,32]. Shiboski, when investigating racial disparities in survival rates, also identi ed disparities between the sexes; white women exhibited higher survival than men, both black and white, while black women had lower survival than white men [33].…”

“…The female cohort seems to be more associated with the aging process, since the group of women with higher mortality rates were those aged 80 years or older. However, Perea, Antunes, and Peres [31] observed this effect in a cohort from 1958-1962, for both sexes, but we should point out that the cohort analysis was performed separately, according to the anatomical site. These authors provide as justi cation for their ndings the exposure of women to smoking in more recent decades, as well as the exposure to HPV, mainly due to its relationship with oropharyngeal cancer.…”

Survival Analysis of Age-related Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Population Study Based on SEER

“…A study carried out in Brazil shown that age has a strong impact on mortality from oral and oropharyngeal cancer. The risk increases from 40 years old for men to 55 years old for women and the effect of the overall period was observed 11 . Laith et al reported that their study indicated improved OS and disease-speci c survival in young patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) 12 .…”