Oral and Maxillo-Facial Manifestations of Systemic Diseases: An Overview

Abstract

Many systemic (infective, genetic, autoimmune, neoplastic) diseases may involve the oral cavity and, more generally, the soft and hard tissues of the head and neck as primary or secondary localization. Primary onset in the oral cavity of both pediatric and adult diseases usually represents a true challenge for clinicians; their precocious detection is often difficult and requires a wide knowledge but surely results in the early diagnosis and therapy onset with an overall better prognosis and clinical outcomes. In the current paper, as for the topic of the current Special Issue, the authors present an overview on the most frequent clinical manifestations at the oral and maxillo-facial district of systemic disease.

Great imitator with exclusive oral manifestations

“…The patient received one intramuscular injection of extencillin at a dose of 2.4 MUI leading to progressive clearance of oral lesions. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), known as a great imitator for its multitudinous mucocutaneous manifestations 1–3 . Exclusive oral localization in secondary syphilis is yet uncommon 4,5 .…”

“…Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease (STD), known as a great imitator for its multitudinous mucocutaneous manifestations. 1 , 2 , 3 Exclusive oral localization in secondary syphilis is yet uncommon. 4 , 5 Serologic testing for syphilis should always be considered by health practitioners in high‐risk patients as we are witnessing a re‐emergence of this STD.…”

The connection between oral pathology and systemic diseases.

“…Oral cavity is frequently involved in systemic disorders (haematological, rheumatismic, digestive, endocrine diseases). Sometimes it is the dentist who provides an early diagnosis and management, which can often reduce the morbidity associated with systemic disease, improve the quality of life and reduce the costs of treatment [20].…”

Clinical Study of Oral Mucosal Lesions in the Elderly—Prevalence and Distribution

“…Nevertheless, the appearance of oral mucosa can change because of various long-standing factors in the oral cavity. Such factors include, among others, mechanical trauma and irritation, a lower level of saliva, mucosal-skin diseases, malnutrition, vitamin and microelements deficiencies, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, circulatory failure, cardiac diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, medications used to treat different diseases (both those with a general or local effect), the intake of tobacco and alcohol, as well as insufficient oral hygiene associated with different mental or physical limitations and the presence of specific dental disorders [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”