Oral Administration of Watermelon Rind Extract to Induce Hypothermia in Chicks

Nguyen, Linh T.; Eltahan, Hatem M.; Pham, Cuong; Han, Guofeng; Chowdhury, Vishwajit S.; Furuse, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.2141/jpsa.0190054

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Furthermore, L-Cit has been ascertained to possess hypothermic functions in chickens following its ability to depress rectal temperature under ambient temperatures [31] and in heat-stressed chicks [32]. The utilization of watermelon rinds, as a rich source of citrulline, was shown to reduce rectal temperatures of chicks similarly as citrulline's actions, under ambient and heat stress temperatures [33]. Also, as a potential feed additive, watermelon rind supplementation increased plasma citrulline levels in chicks [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary L-citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

Uyanga

Jiao

Zhao

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background L-citrulline (L-Cit), a non-protein amino acid, has been implicated in several physiological functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hypothermic roles, however, there is a paucity of information with regards to its potential in poultry production. Methods This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary L-Cit supplementation on the production performance, nitric oxide production, and antioxidant status of laying hens during summer period. Hy-Line Brown laying hens (n = 288, 34 weeks old) were allotted to four treatment, 6 replicates of 12 chickens each. Dietary treatments of control (basal diets), 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% L-Cit supplementation were fed to chickens for eight (8) weeks. Production performance, free amino acid profiles, nitric oxide production, and antioxidant properties were measured. Blood samples were collected at the 4th and 8th weeks of the experiment. Results Air temperature monitoring indicated an average daily minimum and maximum temperatures of 25.02 °C and 31.01 °C respectively. Dietary supplementation with L-Cit did not influence (P > 0.05) the production performance, and rectal temperature of laying hens. Egg shape index was increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of L-Cit. Serum-free content of arginine, citrulline, ornithine, tryptophan, histidine, GABA, and cystathionine were elevated, but taurine declined with L-Cit diets. Plasma nitric oxide (NOx) concentration was highest at 1% L-Cit. Likewise, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity for total NOS (tNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were upregulated with increasing L-Cit levels, although, tNOS was not affected at the 4th week. Anti-oxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased with L-Cit supplementation, however, SOD activity was unchanged at 4th week, while total anti-oxidant capacity increased at the 8th week. L-Cit supplementation attenuated the extent of lipid peroxidation, and also inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity. Conclusion Dietary L-Cit supplementation modulated systemic arginine metabolism, nitric oxide synthesis, antioxidant defense system, and increased the egg shape index of laying hens during the summer season. 1% L-Cit supplementation proved most effective in potentiating these effects and may be adopted for feed formulation strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary L-citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

Uyanga

Jiao

Zhao

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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“…Because watermelon is a natural source of L-Cit, a study was carried out to examine the effect of watermelon waste (i.e., watermelon rind [WR]) on the body temperature and plasma free amino acids of chicks (Nguyen et al, 2020). Fourteen-day-old chicks were given acute oral administration of WR extract (WRE) (2 mL) under CT. Fifteen-day-old chicks were orally administered 1.6 mL of either WRE, a low dose of L-Cit (7.5 mmol/10 mL), or a high dose of L-Cit (15 mmol/10 mL) under CT.…”

Section: Alternative Sources Of Synthetic L-citrulline In Thermoregul...mentioning

confidence: 99%

L‐Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat‐exposed chickens

Chowdhury

2023

Animal Science Journal

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With global warming becoming of increasing concern, poultry farms are experiencing a concomitant increase in heat stress. Chickens are very sensitive to high ambient temperature (HT), so the development of novel nutrients that will help deal with the challenge posed by heat stress is vital. We revealed that L‐citrulline (L‐Cit) can reduce body temperature in chickens. Orally administered L‐Cit solution has been found to provide heat tolerance in chickens and to result in reduced food intake. Heat exposure and oral administration of L‐Cit led to increased levels of plasma insulin, whereas heat stress led to a decline in plasma thyroxine. Dietary administration of L‐Cit was also shown to be effective to reduce heat stress in broiler chickens. Moreover, L‐Cit was found to be metabolized in the liver within 1 h of its administration, and in L‐Cit‐treated broiler chicks, the Cit‐Arginine cycle and the Krebs cycle were found to be active. L‐Cit has not yet been approved for inclusion in the poultry diet, so it is important to find alternative sources of L‐Cit. Taken together, these findings suggest that L‐Cit may serve as an important novel nutrient with the ability to produce heat tolerance in chickens under HT.

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“…Furthermore, L-Cit has been ascertained to possess hypothermic functions in chickens following its ability to depress rectal temperature under ambient temperatures (44) and in heat stressed chicks (45). The utilization of watermelon rinds, as a rich source of L-Cit was shown to reduce rectal temperatures of chicks in a similar fashion as L-Cit administration both at control and heat stress temperatures (46). Also, as a potential feed additive, watermelon rind supplementation increased plasma citrulline levels in chicks (47).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary L-Citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

Uyanga

Jiao

Zhao

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background L-Citrulline (L-Cit), a non-protein amino acid, has been implicated in several physiological functions including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and hypothermic roles, however, there is paucity of information with regards to its potential in poultry production. This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary L-Cit supplementation on the production performance, nitric oxide production and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer periods. Hy-line laying hens (n = 288, 34 weeks old) were allotted to four treatment with 6 replicates of 12 chickens each. Dietary treatments of control (basal diets), 0.25%, 0.50% and 1.00% L-Cit supplementation were fed to chickens for eight (8) weeks. Production performance, egg quality characteristics, nitric oxide production and antioxidant properties were measured. Blood samples were collected at 4th and 8th weeks of experiment. ResultsAir temperature monitoring indicated average minimum and maximum recordings of 25.02 0 C and 31.01 0 C respectively. Dietary supplementation with L-Cit did not significantly (P > 0.05) influence the production performance, plasma biochemistry and rectal temperatures of laying hens. Egg shape index was increased with L-Cit diet, similarly, albumen heights and Haugh units also tended (P < 0.10) to improve with higher L-Cit supplementation. Plasma nitric oxide (NO x ) concentration was observed to increase with highest contents at 1% L-Cit supplementation. Likewise, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme activity for both total NOS (tNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) were upregulated with increasing L-Cit levels, although, tNOS was not affected at week 4. Anti-oxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased with L-Cit supplementation, however, SOD activity was unchanged at week 4. Total anti-oxidant capacity increased with L-Cit groups at week 8. L-Cit supplementation attenuated the extent of lipid peroxidation measured by malondialdehyde levels, and also inhibited glutathione peroxidase activity. ConclusionDietary L-Cit supplementation enhanced nitric oxide synthesis, promoted antioxidant defense systems, and tended to improve internal egg quality traits of laying hens during summer season. 1% Production performanceEgg production and egg weights were recorded daily from different replicates, while body weights and feed intake were recorded on a weekly basis throughout the experimental period. Data computed were feed conversion ratio, laying rate, and egg mass based on the data recorded.Air and rectal temperature monitoring

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Oral Administration of Watermelon Rind Extract to Induce Hypothermia in Chicks

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Dietary L-citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

Dietary L-citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

L‐Citrulline: A novel hypothermic amino acid promoting thermotolerance in heat‐exposed chickens

Dietary L-Citrulline supplementation modulates nitric oxide synthesis and anti-oxidant status of laying hens during summer season

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