Oral Administration of Mixed Probiotics Improves Photoaging by Modulating the Cecal Microbiome and MAPK Pathway in UVB‐Irradiated Hairless Mice

Abstract

Scope Continuous ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes skin photoaging, wrinkle formation, and skin barrier damage. In this study, the protective effect of mixed probiotics (MP) against photoaging in UVB‐irradiated Hs68 fibroblasts and SKH‐1 hairless mice is investigated. Methods and results The mice are irradiated with UVB for 8 weeks to induce photoaging, and MP (15 and 50 mg day−1) is orally administered once a day. Skin parameters are measured in the dorsal skin and wrinkle formation factors are analyzed in skin replicas. To evaluate the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, western blotting and qRT‐PCR are performed. MP (50 mg day−1) significantly improves skin moisture, transepidermal water loss, erythema, and skin thickness. MP also effectively suppresses wrinkle formation by regulating the transcriptional expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs. MP also reduces inflammatory cytokine levels and phosphorylation of extracellular signaling regulatory kinase, Jun N‐terminal kinase, and p38 protein. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiome of the MP groups is significantly different compared with that of the UVB group, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia is significantly increased. Conclusion Collectively, these findings suggest that MP modulates the gut microbiome and ameliorates UVB‐induced photoaging by downregulating the MAPK pathway.

Causal relationship between the gut microbiome and basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning: evidence from three two-sample mendelian randomisation studies

“…Oral prebiotics can either stimulate or restrain the proliferation of specific gut microbes, and it is now thought to regulate the growth of certain harmful skin microbes as well. Feeding mice with mixed probiotics has resulted in gut microbiome modulation and mitigation of UVB-caused skin aging by downregulating the MAPK pathway ( 84 ). Moreover, some studies ( 85 , 86 ) have reported that oral probiotics can alleviate skin inflammation in mice with skin conditions.…”

New Insight into Utilization of Fish By-Product Proteins and Their Skin Health Promoting Effects

“…The result allows for regulating and maintaining skin health status by adjusting the balance of the gut microbiota. Studies have shown that altering the composition of the gut microbiota through fecal transplantation significantly improved the damaged state of skin photoaging [76]. This was mainly achieved by reducing the TNFR1/TNFR2-mediated MAPK pathway expression and altering intestinal amino acid metabolism [74].…”