Oral Administration of Meloxicam Suppresses Low-Dose Endotoxin Challenge–Induced Pain in Thoroughbred Horses

Urayama, Shuntaro; Tanaka, Akane; Kusano, Kanichi; Sato, Hiroaki; Nagashima, Tsuyoshi; Fukuda, I; Fujisawa, Chihiro; Matsuda, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.001

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous reports that have documented the immediate increase in serum cortisol concentration after induction of experimental endotoxemia in horses. 73,74 Illness induced by this LPS infusion model appears to have induced CIRCI, as evidenced by a blunted cortisol response to ACTH stimulation 1 hour after stimulation in all horses tested. A study investigating the cortisol response to varying doses of exogenous ACTH in healthy adult horses found that cosyntropin at 0.1 μg/kg, which was the dose used in the current study, increased cortisol 1 hour after stimulation by a mean ± SD of 5.65 ± 1.63 μg/dL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

Anderson

Ibrahim

Cooper

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Sepsis is associated with ascorbic acid (AA) depletion and critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in humans. Hypotheses: Intravenous infusion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) would (a) decrease endogneous AA concentrations, (b) induce CIRCI and (c) administration of a combination of AA and hydrocortisone (HC) would have decreased indices of inflammation compared to either drug alone. Animals: Thirty-two healthy horses. Methods: Randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial. Horses were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (saline, AA and HC, AA only, or HC only). Treatments were administered 1 hour after completion of LPS infusion. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and production, and plasma AA concentrations were assessed at various time points. Serum cortisol concentrations and ACTH stimulation tests were used to detect CIRCI. Results: There was no effect of drug on clinical signs or pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression or production compared to controls at any time point. Administration of AA was associated with higher blood neutrophil counts 6 hours after LPS infusion (11.01 ± 1.02 K/μl) compared to other groups (8.99 ± 0.94 K/μL; P < .009).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

Anderson

Ibrahim

Cooper

et al. 2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…The clearance of meloxicam was slower in this study in comparison to previously reported values, therefore further investigation into drug dose and frequency of meloxicam administration in critically ill horses is recommended [ 44 ]. Investigations into the use of oral meloxicam have also been performed, with pre-treatment oforal meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg) found to reduce pain scores in thoroughbreds administered a low-dose lipopolysaccharide challenge [ 45 ].…”

Section: Comparison Of Nsaidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Associated Toxicities in Horses

Flood

Stewart

2022

Animals

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Effective pain management in horses can be a challenge despite the understanding that appropriate analgesia improves animal welfare and increases treatment success. The administration of NSAID drugs, particularly phenylbutazone and flunixin, are common practice in equine veterinary patients. Known for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, NSAIDs are used for the treatment of a variety of conditions in horses, from gastrointestinal to orthopedic pain. Despite extensive usage, NSAIDs have a narrow margin of safety and the body of literature documenting the efficacy and side effects of different NSAIDs is broad. The three main side effects associated with excessive or prolonged NSAID usage in horses include gastroduodenal ulceration, right dorsal colitis (RDC) and renal papillary necrosis. The use of cyclooxygenase-2 selective NSAIDS, such as firocoxib, are theoretically safer. The aim of this paper is to review the current literature on the use and efficacy of different NSAIDs, summarise the associated side effects of NSAID usage and evaluate the current state of knowledge for the diagnosis and treatment of such toxicities.

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“…Some studies have used IRT to assess the vascular component of the inflammatory response and examine the effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on experimentally induced acute inflammation ( 35 , 36 ). Recent studies have induced systemic inflammation by administering LPS intravenously and used IRT to evaluate the effectiveness of NSAIDs by analyzing the temperature of the hoof wall of horses ( 25 , 37 ). Furthermore, IRT has been shown to be effective in detecting intrasynovial injections in horses ( 38 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional infrared thermography imaging can be used to assess the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel® in pre-emptively treating transient synovitis and lameness in horses

Carvalho,

Del Puppo,

Littiere

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionDiagnosing and treating lameness in horses is essential to improving their welfare. In equine orthopedic practice, infrared thermography (IRT) can indirectly detect soreness. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can treat painful and inflammatory processes in horses. Using IRT, the efficacy of meloxicam (Maxicam Gel®) was evaluated in pre-treating transient synovitis in horses induced by a middle carpal joint injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from E. coli 055:B5 at a dose of 10 endotoxin units.MethodsIn a cross-over design, six healthy horses were randomly assigned to receive either 0.6 mg/kg of oral Maxicam Gel® (MAXVO) or a mock administration (control group, C) following a two-week washout period. IRT of the middle carpal joint, visual lameness assessment and joint circumference were recorded over time. Clinical and hematological evaluations were performed. Synovial fluid aspirates were analyzed for total nucleated cell count, total protein, and prostaglandin E2. A mixed effects analysis of variance was performed for repeated measures over time, followed by Tukey’s test. A multinomial logistic regression was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between a thermography temperature change and the lameness score.ResultsThere were no changes in joint circumference. The MAXVO group showed a lower rectal temperature 4 h after synovitis induction. The C group presented an increase in neutrophils and a decrease in total hemoglobin and hematocrit 8 h after induction. No changes were observed in the synovial fluid between groups. The horses that received meloxicam did not show clinically significant lameness at any time, while the C group showed an increase in lameness 2, 4, and 8 h after synovitis induction.DiscussionIRT indicated that the skin surface temperature of the middle carpal joint was lower in horses who received meloxicam, suggesting a reduction in the inflammatory process induced by LPS. It was observed that the maximum temperature peaks in the dorsopalmar and lateropalmar positions can be utilized to predict the severity of lameness, particularly when the temperature rises above 34°C. Horses pre-treated with meloxicam showed either reduced or no indication of mild to moderate pain and presented a lowehr thermographic temperature, which indicates the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel® as an anti-inflammatory.

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Oral Administration of Meloxicam Suppresses Low-Dose Endotoxin Challenge–Induced Pain in Thoroughbred Horses

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

Effects of administration of ascorbic acid and low‐dose hydrocortisone after infusion of sublethal doses of lipopolysaccharide to horses

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Associated Toxicities in Horses

Functional infrared thermography imaging can be used to assess the effectiveness of Maxicam Gel® in pre-emptively treating transient synovitis and lameness in horses

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