Oral Administration ofGanoderma lucidumto Lead-Exposed Rats Protects Erythrocytes against Hemolysis: Implicates to Anti-Anemia

Abstract

We studied the effect of chronic oral exposure to lead acetate (PbA) on the sensitivity of RBC to hemolysis and whether the sensitivity could be decreased by feeding the rats with extract of medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum. Three groups of rats, control, PbA-exposed, and G. lucidum (Gl)+PbA, were used. PbA (3 mM) was administered via drinking water and G. lucidum extract by gavage at 300 mg/Kg BW/day for 12 weeks. Afterwards, the rats were killed and washed RBCs were subjected to hemolysis in the presence of Fenton's reagents. Hemolysis was determined by estimating the amount of released hemoglobin. The levels of lipid peroxide (LPO) and GSH were determined from RBC membranes and whole RBCs, respectively. The levels of TNFα and LPO also were determined from hepatic tissues. The RBCs of PbA-exposed rats displayed significantly higher sensitivity to hemolysis than those of the Gl+PbA rats. The levels of LPO increased and GSH decreased in the RBCs, with concomitant increases in the levels of hepatic TNFα and LPO in the PbA-exposed rats. The degree of hemolysis was significantly low in the RBCs of Gl+PbA rats, concurrently with amelioration of hepatic parameters. Finally, the study suggests that PbA-induced-hemolysis and related oxidative-toxicity might be minimized by consumption of G. lucidum.

Transition and heavy metals compared to oxidative parameter balance in patients with deep vein thrombosis: A case-control study

“…Pb can increase thrombin generation and accelerating the coagulation process by tissue factor in plasma. Pb interferes with normal red blood cell formation by inhibiting important enzymes, inhibits SOD and reduces glutathione levels, increasing erythrocyte vulnerability to oxidative stress (34). In association with DVTs, Pb decreases the plasminogen activator antigen (t-PA:Ag), increasing the production of this inhibitor (PAI-1).…”

Toxicity Studies and Body Weights Changes in Wistar Rats Following Oral Administration of Methanol Extract From Indigenous Ganoderma Sp.In Nigeria

“…In this study, there was no apparent clinical signs of toxicity observed in both acute and sub acute studies when the extract was orally administered, however, it was observed that feed and water consumption increase within the period of study, thus causing an increase in body weights of experimental rats. This may be due to increase in metabolism and anti oxidant effect of the extract as reported by Oluba et al [22][23][24] while other reports indicate decrease in weight [25].…”

Ganoderma lucidum: A Review with Special Emphasis on the Treatment of Various Cancer

“…These include differential effects on the inhibition of eukaryotic DNA polymerases, thromboxane A2-signaling pathways in human platelets, inhibition of tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo, cytotoxicity to several cancer cells in vitro, anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease activity and regulation of osteoclastogenesis [14]. The other pharmacological properties of triterpenoids were reported such as, antihypertensive [30], antianemia [31], cardioprotective [32,33], antifibrotic effect [34,35], anti-oxidant [36], anti-HIV-1 activity [37] and anticancer [38,39].…”